Cover Letter

 

April 8, 2025
A&B Law Firm
Broadway, 2
New York127051
Russia

Anna Surikova
Phone: +111111111

Dear representatives of A&B Law Firm,

My name is Anna, and I am a 4th-year [k4: informal numeric form] final-year student of the Faculty of Law (Jurisprudence degree program) at thr N University [k5: spelling + article missing] pursuing a degree in Jurisprudence at the N University. / I am currently completing my law degree in Jurisprudence at the N University

I am a young, novice [k3: redundancy] motivated legal specialist with deep theoretical legal knowledge [k3: overly vague expression] a strong foundation in legal theory. My academic success is confirmed by good academic performance [k3: repetition] consistent results across courses, as well as active participation in extracurricular and scientific activities such as conferences and additional elective courses. / My academic record and extracurricular engagement reflect both consistency and dedication.

I also have a sufficient [k3: inappropriate register] good level of English (B2), including solid knowledge of legal terminology, developed through courses such as “English for Lawyers” and “English for Business Communication.”

My professional interests include corporate law, arbitration, bankruptcy, and public-private partnerships (PPP). I am skilled in drafting legal memorandums, opinions, reports, and briefs, as well as in legal research, document proofreading, and translation of legal materials. / I am experienced in preparing legal documents and conducting in-depth legal analysis.

I also have practical experience in civil, family, and corporate law. My most recent position was as an intern at JSC "house.com" in the Legal Support Department for Rental Housing Projects, where I deepened my knowledge [k3: overly bookish] gained practical experience and developed my competence in real estate and corporate law. / I enhanced my hands-on experience with real estate and corporate legal practices.

My responsibilities included:

  • Preparing legal memorandums, opinions, and project documentation related to real estate matters.
  • Monitoring legislative updates and drafting legal alerts for internal clients.
  • Drafting standard agreements (SPA, PSA), checklists, and due diligence reports.

My key strengths include attention to detail, strong organizational skills, and the ability to multitask effectively. I have good communication skills and can work well both in a team and independently. / I am an effective communicator, comfortable collaborating or working autonomously.

I admire the professionalism and approach of A, B & Partners to the quality of services provided [k3: awkward phrasing] greatly respect A&B Law Firm’s high standards and client-oriented approach. I would like to share with you a new stage of your firm's history [k3: unnatural metaphor] contribute to your firm’s continued success and become a part of your team. / I would be happy to join your firm and grow within its exceptional legal team.

I am eager to learn and grow among highly qualified specialists. With a flexible university schedule, I am confident I can balance work and studies efficiently, maintaining excellent academic standing (GPA: 7.5). / My schedule allows me to balance work with academic responsibilities effectively.

I have attached my resume for your review. Thank you for your consideration of my candidacy [k3: awkward phrasing] Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to your response and the opportunity to discuss how I can contribute to your team. / I appreciate your time and hope to further discuss how I may add value to your team.

Sincerely,
Anna Surikova

Too many Is) Try to make objects subjects to decrease the repetition of 'I'

You can rewrite your works here

Educational Service Sales Agreement

We expect you to

  • Complete the training / Successfully complete the full training program
  • Master all the educational content available on the platform. Including new content that will appear during the training process. [k5: sentence fragment] , including newly added materials during the course. / Study all existing and future course materials provided through the platform
  • Turn in all homework and coursework on time. / Submit all assignments and project work by the deadline
  • Pass the assessment on time – do a test similar to what you might encounter during your job search. / Complete an evaluation that reflects real-world recruitment testing
  • If you don't [k1: informal contraction] do not pass the assessment, you will take a pre-training course.

Go through the career center

  • Create a resume with our career counselors. / Prepare a professional CV guided by career consultants
  • Create an account and log in to hh.ru so that we can help, connect auto-replies, increase the likelihood of employment and recommend you to partners. / Register and activate your hh.ru profile for automated responses, employment support, and partner referrals
  • You will make the right number of responses each week. [k3: vague phrasing] Submit the required number of job applications weekly / Meet weekly application quotas
  • Send reports on interview invitations. / Provide updates on received interview requests
  • Send reports on offers from employers. / Report any job offers you receive

Complete the final stage

  • Defend your thesis. / Deliver your final project presentation

What we will do for you

  • Give you access to content that is relevant to the market and update it on time. / Provide market-relevant content and ensure timely updates
  • We'll check homework, coursework and assessments on time. We will evaluate all submitted work within deadlines / Review your assignments promptly and thoroughly
  • We'll give you a free refresher if you fail a certification. / Offer a free retake course if certification is not achieved
  • We will refund the entire amount if you change your mind within 14 days after the start date. / Provide a full refund if withdrawn within 14 days of starting
  • We will provide timely job search advice and regularly analyze responses and conversions. / Deliver career counseling and feedback on your job-hunting performance
  • We will offer available jobs from partner companies, if the requirements match. / Recommend you for suitable roles in our partner network
  • We will check and analyze all completed technical assignments and give full recommendations on test assignments. / Evaluate technical tasks and offer comprehensive feedback
  • We will issue a professional retraining diploma or certificate. / Grant an official diploma or certificate upon program completion

HomeTask: Pronounce the following more formal version matching each sentence in it with the corresponding less formal one from the above version.

Participant Expectations

  • The training is expected to be completed in full.
  • All educational content available on the platform, including materials uploaded during the training period, shall be mastered.
  • All homework and coursework are to be submitted in accordance with the established deadlines.
  • The final assessment, replicating employment-level testing, is required to be passed within the designated timeframe.
  • In the event of failure, enrollment in a preparatory pre-training module shall be required.

Career Center Engagement

  • A resume shall be compiled under the guidance of career advisors.
  • An active account on hh.ru is to be maintained to enable automated response integration, job matching, and referrals to partners.
  • A predetermined number of job applications shall be submitted weekly.
  • Reports on interview invitations are required to be filed regularly.
  • Notifications of employment offers shall be submitted as part of ongoing progress monitoring.

Final Stage Requirements

  • The thesis shall be defended as part of the certification process.

Institutional Responsibilities

  • Timely access shall be granted to market-relevant and regularly updated educational content.
  • All assignments and assessments shall be reviewed and evaluated within established timeframes.
  • In case of failure to meet certification standards, refresher access shall be granted without additional charges.
  • A full refund shall be issued if the service is cancelled within 14 days of the official start date.
  • Ongoing guidance shall be provided throughout the job search process, including analysis of responses and conversion rates.
  • Vacancies from partner organizations shall be offered, subject to fulfillment of relevant qualification criteria.
  • Technical assignments shall be reviewed, and comprehensive feedback shall be provided.
  • A diploma or certificate of professional retraining shall be awarded upon successful course completion and final assessment.

 

One of the documents I prepared as part of my work as a trainee at “DOM.RF” was a reference on the issues of cadastral registration of engineering networks of non-residential complexes built by the developer with the involvement of shareholders' funds under 214-FL.

The material systematizes[k4: verb form – needs past tense for consistency with past context]systematized common violations in the cadastral registration of engineering networks (for example, non-compliance with project documentation or lack of commissioning acts), which helps lawyers to identify risks in advance in contracts with shareholders.

The stages of cadastral registration, including requirements to[k4: preposition – use “for” with “requirements”] for technical plans, coordination with resource supplying organizations and Rosreestr, are described in detail. This allows to optimize[k4: verb pattern – “allows someone to do something” or “makes it possible to...”]makes it possible to optimize work with documents and reduce registration time.

Moreover, the example of court practice shows how to challenge Rosreestr's refusals to register, including through the courts[k3: redundancy – “through the courts” is implied in “challenge in court”]by legal means.

The document helped to settle a dispute with a developer who did not transfer the networks to the balance of the city. Real estate lawyers noted that the structured information accelerated the preparation of lawsuits for compulsory accounting of networks. Also, the brief can serve[k5: cohesion – avoid starting with “also” in formal writing; consider “In addition,” or “Furthermore,”]In addition, the brief can serve as a template for similar projects, as well as a basis for training new staff.

Alerts

Working as a trainee I have made such documents as[k4: tense – use past simple for completed past actions; also stylistically too informal], I prepared the following documents:

  1. Information on the transfer of funds from an escrow account to another bank when[k4: word choice – “upon” is more formal/legal-register than “when” in this context]upon refinancing a target loan;
  2. Information on the issues of[k3: verbosity – “issues of” can be simplified; also redundant with “information on”]cadastral registration of capital construction objects, built by the developer under a contract of equity participation in construction in the Skolkovo Innovation Center;
  3. Information on cadastral registration of engineering networks of the complex of non-residential buildings[k5: awkward phrasing – “a complex of non-residential buildings” is more idiomatic]of a complex of non-residential buildings, built by the developer with attraction of funds of shareholders[k3: lexical awkwardness – should be “with shareholders’ funds” or “through shareholder contributions”]through shareholders’ contributions under 214-FL;
  4. Reference on[k4: collocation – “reference on” is awkward; prefer “memorandum regarding” or “report on”]Reports on maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building;
  5. Legal alert of the Government Resolution[k4: preposition and style – use “on” for alerts; more natural phrasing: “Legal alert concerning...”]Legal alert concerning the Government Resolution on the special procedure for acceptance // handover of objects built under 214-FL;

Legal Letter_Compensation requirement

[Peter Smith]
[PS Legal Firm]
[1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20500]
[Washington]
[PS@mail.ru]
[799999]
[17/04/1999]

[Law Firm Name]
[Address]
[City, State, ZIP]

Dear [Lawyer's Name],

RE: REQUEST FOR COMPENSATION IN RELATION TO SEXUAL HARASSMENT CLAIM – PAULA JONES V. BILL CLINTON

I hope this letter finds you well. [k5: style – informal expression; omit in formal legal correspondence]

I am writing to you in my capacity as the legal representative of Mr. Bill Clinton. It is the position of our client that a negotiated resolution is in the best interests of all parties, as it would obviate the need for protracted and emotionally burdensome litigation.

This correspondence shall serve as a formal offer of settlement intended to fully and finally resolve all claims brought by your client, Ms. Paula Jones, against our client, Mr. Bill Clinton. This proposal is made without admission of liability and solely for the purpose of achieving an amicable resolution. The proposed terms are as follows:

  1. Mr. Clinton shall remit payment to Ms. Jones in the amount of $850,000.
  2. Ms. Jones shall maintain strict confidentiality regarding all terms of this agreement, refraining from disclosure to any third party except where disclosure is mandated by law.
  3. Both parties shall execute a mutual release of all claims—whether known or unknown—arising from or related to the subject matter of this dispute.
  4. Each party agrees to refrain from making any disparaging statements about the other, whether publicly or privately.
  5. This offer shall remain open for a period of fourteen (14) calendar days from the date of this letter. Thereafter, it shall be deemed withdrawn unless expressly accepted in writing.

We are prepared to discuss the details of this proposal as well as other matters to resolve this conflict next Wednesday at 12 p.m. at the Open City Café, 2331 Calvert St NW, Washington. [k5: tone – too informal and specific; legal meetings should be suggested in a neutral and professional manner] Should you wish to discuss this proposal further, we are available to arrange a meeting at a mutually convenient time and location.

For the avoidance of doubt, this offer does not constitute an acknowledgment of fault or legal responsibility on the part of Mr. Clinton. Upon receipt of your client’s written acceptance, we shall proceed with drafting a formal settlement agreement reflecting the above-stated terms.

Please provide written confirmation of your client’s acceptance of this offer by the stated deadline. We remain committed to resolving this matter expeditiously and without further contention.

Sincerely,
[Peter Smith]
[PS Legal Firm]
[1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20500]
[Washington]
[PS@mail.ru]
[799999]

Answer to the questions on the EU new policy

6. What should Europe and Canada do?
Europe and Canada should not only sit and design a strategy to support Ukraine but also the have got to design on how [k4: grammar / unnecessary article and awkward construction] also need to design a plan for how to replace all strategic capabilities with which America underpinned the alliance [k3: wordy/awkward phrasing] that America provided to underpin the alliance.

7. Whom does the man call the EU to give a bloody nose to?
The man called the EU to give [k4: incorrect verb pattern] The man called on the EU to give a bloody nose to Russia.

8. Do the Russians want any peace implementation forces in Ukraine?
No, the Russians do not want any peace implementation forces in Ukraine. Lavrov said that Russia did not accept any one [k4: word form — "anyone" is one word] accept anyone.

9. What will have to happen to Russia in the Ukraine for it to accept peace implementation forces?
The man said that the only way there was a peace implementation force was the Russians had forced to accept it [k4: ungrammatical / word order] could be a peace implementation force is if the Russians were forced to accept it. In his opinion, it will be possible if Russia has to be given a bloody nose in Ukraine, and effectively, he talked about the defeat of Russia [k3: vague wording] essentially meaning Russia would be defeated.

10. What will NATO have to do for that? What will they need to develop? Name at least 4 things he mentioned.
NATO needs to do a proper military estimate of the enemy (means Russia) [k3: informal aside] (i.e., Russia). He mentioned that NATO have to [k4: subject-verb agreement] has to provide: surveillance satellites, surveillance reconnaissance drones on the front line, coverage of 1,200 kilometers of Ukrainian territory, and troop allocation.

11. What does the man predict?
The man predicts that America is in a different world and not prepared to be the back stop [k3: awkward or unclear metaphor] no longer willing to act as the backstop. Therefore, Europe has got to be prepared to generate and build the capabilities needed [k3: incomplete/unfinished sentence] necessary capabilities independently.

12. What should the EU spend money on?
The EU should spend money on defense. ✅

13. What European countries will take the lead?
The man said that France and Britain can take the lead together. ✅

14. The gravity of what situation is the man talking about?
The man said that the US would not honor Article 5, that means [k4: incorrect relative clause] which means an armed attack on one member is an attack on the whole alliance.

15. What, in the man's opinion, is a Manna from Heaven for Russia?
In his opinion, the USA ignoring Article 5 of the agreement, which states that an attack on one NATO member will be considered by all as an attack against all, would be a Mana of Heaven [k4: spelling] a Manna from Heaven for Russia — for Putin.

Answers on the questions on Trump's policies

1. Donald Trump said that he could assure the world but Greenland and the Panama Canal were needed for economic security. He was not going to commit to that at that time. He added that The Panama Canal was built [k4: verb tense — past perfect 'had been built' would show earlier sequence of events more clearly] had been built for America's military and was vital for the country and it was possible he had to do something[k1: logical cohesion — conflicting modal meanings ('possible' vs. 'had to')]he might have to take action // he could assure the world but Greenland and the Panama Canal were needed [k1: logical and syntactic ambiguity — unclear whether 'assure' relates to reassurance or to a factual claim] he was asked to reassure the world that he wouldn’t use coercion, but he declined, saying that Greenland and the Panama Canal were vital

2. He said that The Panama Canal and Greenland are needed USA [k4: grammar] were needed by the USA for economic security. The Panama Canal was built [k4: verb tense — past perfect 'had been built' would show earlier sequence of events more clearly] had been built for their military.

3. Trump's advisers alleged Chinese controlled in Greenland [k4: grammar] Chinese control in Greenland. They talked about the importance of it to the Arctic and elsewhere. They described it in national security terms necessitating hard action, which might begin with economic pressure.

4. Jim Sciutto compared Trump's actions to Monroe Doctrine. The essence of the doctrine is that the entire Western Hemisphere (North America, South America and the Caribbean islands) is declared to be the sphere of US interests and that's where the Panama Canal and Greenland are.

5. Mark Esper highlighted Trumps concerns [k5: spelling - missing apostrophe] Trump's concerns about Chinese were two of the five port zones [k4: wrong article: with names of nationalities we use 'the' +k4: gerundial clause or simple noun needed about the preposition 'about'] the Chinese controlling two of the five port zones in Panama and their investments in ports and bridges and rail lines had increased dramatically [k3: lexical collocation — 'concerns' don’t naturally 'increase'; use 'grow', 'intensify', or 'mount'] had intensified dramatically

6. Mark Esper considered renaming the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America was a low-priority issue [k4: grammar - misplaced modifier] the idea of renaming the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America was considered a low-priority issue because at that time the USA had a lot of issues on the table between Mexico. Mexico is their largest trading partner. Also, the USA has the main issue - immigration [k4: article usage] the USA’s main issue was immigration and it is important to work with the Mexican Government to cut off illegal immigration. Besides, Mark Esper highlighted the problem of fentanyl coming up from the Southern border. Mark Esper considered that firstly they needed to work on those big issues [k3: informal phrasing] they needed to prioritize those key issues first.

7. Mark Esper said that such issues as immigration and fentanyl should take precedence over discussions about Greenland and the Panama Canal.

Grammar exercise _ Educational services contract

I. Mandative Subjunctive

Заказчик обязан оплатить Курс до даты начала прохождения Курса, указанной на Сайте/Платформе.
It is essential that the customer pay for the Course before the Course start date indicated on the Site/Platform.

Выполнение Домашних заданий в объемах, предусмотренных Договором, является необходимым условием допуска к итоговой работе.
It is essential that homework be completed in the amounts stipulated in the Contract for admission to the final work [k3: unnatural word order and phrasing] homework be completed in the amounts stipulated in the Contract as a condition for admission to the final work.

Важно, чтобы все документы были загружены в личный кабинет до начала курса.
It is essential all the documents be uploaded [k4: missing 'that'] that all the documents be uploaded in the personal account before the start of the course.

II. Use of "Shall"

Заказчик обязуется информировать об изменении предоставленной информации в течение 3 рабочих дней.
The Client shall inform on changes in the information provided [k3: wrong preposition and awkward phrasing] inform about any changes to the provided information within 3 working days.

Исполнитель оказывает услуги по Договору с привлечением преподавателей и несёт ответственность за их действия.
The Contractor shall provide services under the Contract with the involvement of teachers and shall be responsible for their actions.

Заказчик shall пройти обучение в указанный срок.
Заказчик shall пройти [k4: code-mixing – use consistent language] The Customer shall complete the training within the specified period of time.

Исполнитель shall предоставить доступ к платформе в течение 24 часов после оплаты.
Исполнитель shall предоставить [k4: code-mixing – use English subject] The Contractor shall provide access to the platform within 24 hours after payment.

III. Use of "-able" Adjectives

Услуги подлежат оплате согласно Тарифам, указанным на сайте.
The services are payable according to the Tariffs/rates/fees indicated on the website.

Стоимость возврата определяется на основании фактически понесенных расходов и является невозвратной.
The cost of return is determinable on the basis of actually incurred expenses and is non-refundable [k4: grammar – 'non-refundable' is correct; no mistake] non-refundable.

Задание считается невыполнимым без предоставления данных.
The assignment is non-compatible without providing the data [k3: wrong word – 'non-compatible' means not matching, not 'impossible'] The assignment is unworkable without the provision of data.

Сертификат предоставляется в электронной форме и является распечатываемым документом.
The certificate is provided in electronic form and is a printable document [k4: correct usage – 'printable' is acceptable in legal/technical context] printable document.

IV. Conditional with "Should"

В случае несоблюдения условий Договора, услуги подлежат оплате в полном объеме.
Should the terms of the agreement be violated, the services shall be payable in full.

В случае отсутствия у Заказчика документа об образовании, диплом выдается после предоставления такового.
Should the customer fail to have an education document [k3: unnatural/legal collocation] lack an education document, the diploma shall be issued upon submission of this document.

Если Заказчик не предоставит документы вовремя, он не будет допущен к курсу.
Should the Customer fail to provide documents on time, they shall not be admitted to the course [k1: number mismatch – singular subject] he/she shall not be admitted to the course.

V. MUST (strict requirement)

Оплата курса должна быть произведена до начала обучения.
Payment for the course must be made before starting the course.

Заказчик должен загрузить копии всех необходимых документов в Личный кабинет.
The Customer must upload copies of all required documents to the personal account.

Все задания должны быть сданы в установленные сроки.
All assignments must be turned in by the due date.

Дипломная работа должна быть выполнена самостоятельно.
Research work must be completed independently.

Заказчик должен использовать платформу только в образовательных целях.
The Customer must use the platform for educational purposes exclusively.

VI. MAY (permission or option)

Заказчик может приостановить обучение, направив соответствующий запрос.
The Customer may suspend training by submitting the request.

Исполнитель может обновлять содержание курса без предварительного уведомления.
The Contractor may update the course content without prior notice.

Заказчик может отказаться от участия в курсе в течение 14 дней.
The Customer may withdraw from the case of breach of contract [k3: meaning distortion – misinterpreted original] The Customer may withdraw from the course within 14 days.

Исполнитель может отказать в доступе при нарушении условий договора.
The Provider may refuse request comments on completed tasks [k1: incoherence – fragments mixed] The Provider may refuse access if the contract terms are violated.

Заказчик может запросить комментарии по выполненным заданиям.
The Customer may request comments on completed tasks.

VII. PASSIVE VOICE

Проверка домашних заданий осуществляется преподавателями. Homework assignments are checked [k3: unnatural phrasing for formal legal English] **shall be reviewed** by the teachers.

Сертификаты направляются Заказчику по электронной почте. Certificates are sent [k3: generic verb; legal English prefers more formal alternatives] **shall be issued** to the Customer via email.

Доступ к платформе предоставляется в течение 24 часов после оплаты. Access to the platform is provided [k3: consider formality and specificity in legal style] **shall be granted** within 24 hours after payment.

Учебные материалы размещаются на сайте Исполнителя. Training materials are placed [k3: improper verb choice for legal/formal usage] **shall be published** on the Contractor's website.

Персональные данные обрабатываются в соответствии с политикой конфиденциальности. Personal data is processed [k4: subject-verb agreement – plural noun “data”] **are processed** in accordance with the privacy policy.

VIII. NOMINALIZATION

Несоблюдение сроков сдачи работ может повлечь за собой недопуск к аттестации. Failure to meet submission deadlines may result in ineligibility for the assessment [k3: “the assessment” is vague; specify or rephrase] **exclusion from final evaluation**.

Завершение курса подтверждается итоговой работой. Course completion is evidenced [k3: stylistically awkward in legal English] **shall be confirmed** by the final paper.

Подача заявления на возврат должна быть осуществлена в письменной форме. Application for a refund must be made in writing. [k3: acceptable, but could be improved with "shall be submitted in writing"] **shall be submitted in writing**.

Продление доступа возможно только после согласования. Extension of access is possible only after agreement [k3: missing article; unnatural noun phrase] **shall be permitted only upon agreement**.

Регистрация на платформе означает заключение договора. Registration on the platform shall mean the conclusion [k3: “mean” is semantically imprecise] **constitute the conclusion** of the contract.

IX. NOTWITHSTANDING clause

Несмотря на успешное завершение всех заданий, Исполнитель вправе отказать в выдаче диплома. Notwithstanding the successful completion of all assignments, the Provider may refuse to issue [k3: lacks legal formality] **reserves the right to withhold issuance of the diploma**.

Несмотря на оплату курса, доступ может быть ограничен при нарушении правил. Notwithstanding course payment, access may be restricted if the rules are breached. [k3: correct, but consider formality: “shall be subject to restriction”] **shall be subject to restriction**.

Несмотря на ранее оговоренные сроки, график может быть изменён Исполнителем. Notwithstanding previously agreed deadlines, the schedule may be changed [k3: weak modal] **shall be subject to change** by the Contractor.

Несмотря на технические сбои, Заказчик обязан соблюдать сроки. Notwithstanding technical failures, the Customer is obliged to meet deadlines [k3: could be rephrased in modal form for legal clarity] **must adhere to the deadlines**.

Несмотря на условия курса, Исполнитель может внести изменения в содержание. Notwithstanding the terms of the course, the Provider may change the content [k3: lacks legal precision] **may amend the course content**.

X. SUBJECT TO clause

При условии своевременной оплаты, Заказчику предоставляется полный доступ к материалам. Subject to timely payment, the Customer shall be given full access [k3: could be “shall be granted full access” for legal tone] **shall be granted full access** to the materials.

При условии сдачи всех домашних заданий, допускается курсовая работа. Subject to submission of all homework, reaching work shall be possible [k3: lexical inaccuracy; “reaching work” is unclear] **coursework shall be permitted**.

При соблюдении технических требований, возможна корректная работа платформы. Subject to compliance with technical requirements, correct operation of the platform is possible [k3: weak phrasing] **shall be ensured**.

При наличии всех необходимых документов, начинается обучение. Subject to availability of all required documents, training shall start [k3: acceptable but “shall commence” more formal] **shall commence**.

При достижении 70% успеваемости, доступ к итоговой аттестации открыт. Subject to reaching 70% academic performance, access to the final assessment shall be open [k3: stylistically weak] **shall be granted**.

XI. FUTURE PERFECT (with legal consequence)

Доступ к следующему модулю будет открыт после того, как будет завершён предыдущий. Access to the next module shall be opened once the previous one has been completed [k3: correct, but “shall have been completed” would reflect stronger legal style] **shall have been completed**.

Сертификат будет выдан после того, как Заказчик сдаст итоговую работу. The certificate shall be issued once the Customer has [k4: incomplete verb phrase] **has submitted** the final paper.

Воркшоп начнётся после того, как все участники зарегистрируются. The workshop shall start after all participants have registered [k3: acceptable, but could be “shall have registered” for consistency with legal style] **shall have registered**.

Проверка будет завершена после того, как преподаватель получит файл. Verification shall be completed after the instructor \teacher has received [k5: formatting typo and redundancy] **has received** the file.

Итоговая оценка будет выставлена после того, как все этапы курса будут пройдены. The final grade shall be issued once all stages of the course have been completed [k3: acceptable, consider using “shall have been completed” for formality] **shall have been completed**.

Mind the use of Perfect in the Future and Present in contracts and in the Past in other styles! It indicates the precedence of the action to another one and bears emphasis.

Why Trump's Tariff Chaos Actually Makes Sense – Summary

Summary: Why Trump's Tariff Chaos Actually Makes Sense (Big Picture)

1. In this video, the author begins his analysis of Trump's policies and behavior and wonders if the American leader has some sort of plan in mind? [k5: run-on sentence] analyzes Trump's policies and speculates whether the American leader has a coherent strategy.

2. Trump's behavior is contradictory: Why is Trump hitting his closest alien tariffs [k3: incorrect phrase – unclear meaning] Why is Trump imposing tariffs on close allies /hitting ... with .... and why does he no longer care about the stock market crashing?

3. The speaker believes that Trump has a special plan. Trump's Treasury Secretary, Scott Bessent, said that Trump's tariff policies had begun the process of reoriented [k4: incorrect verb form] reorienting their international economic relationship.

4. The speaker argues that Trump’s tariff strategy aimed to upend the entire world trading system, which the US itself had established.

5. Historically, there were two such instances:

  • 1944 – the Bretton Woods system began;
  • Early 1980s – Reagan and Thatcher initiated the neoliberal world order.

It was suggested that countries should now be divided into three groups—green, yellow, and red—based on their loyalty to US policies.

 

What Does Trump’s Team Actually Want?

6. Trump’s team includes Scott Bessent, a hedge fund manager known for working with George Soros to break the Bank of England in the 1990s, and Steven Miran, a Harvard-trained business strategist.

7. According to the speaker, Trump’s team prioritizes industry for two key reasons:

  1. Deindustrialization devastated the American Rust Belt, which strongly supported Trump in 2024.
  2. America’s industrial capabilities lag behind nations like China, placing it at a strategic disadvantage should war occur.

 

8. The speaker questions whether Trump had to impose tariffs on nearly every nation simultaneously. Trump also accused close allies of taking their jobs, taking their wealth and taking a lot of things [k3: repetition/tautology] taking away American jobs, wealth, and resources.

Historical Context

9. The US designed the global trading system and was its dominant force for decades. However, it now faces a crisis. The speaker explains this crisis as part of a broader historical trend formed under two global orders initiated by the US:

  • The Bretton Woods system (1944–1973)
  • The neoliberal order (1980s–2016)

 

10. Under Bretton Woods:

  • Currencies were fixed to the US dollar, itself tied to gold;
  • The US provided military protection, often via bases;
  • The US helped allies build competitive industries—even at its own expense.

 

11. Countries were categorized into green (allies with benefits), yellow (neutral), and red (communist, excluded). The speaker notes the system appeared to benefit other nations more than the US.

12. Still, the author claims the system was not misguided because:

  1. It prevented a third world war;
  2. It helped the US build export markets;
  3. It entrenched the dollar as the global reserve currency.

 

13. Eventually, the system faced the Triffin Dilemma: the US had to choose between printing more dollars (eroding gold credibility) or halting dollar issuance (slowing global growth). Nixon ended Bretton Woods in 1971. Reagan and Thatcher then ushered in neoliberalism.

14. Under neoliberalism:

  • The number of green countries increased;
  • The dollar strengthened, which worsened inequality in the US.

 

15. By 2016, inequality and the decline of the industrial Midwest contributed to Trump’s election. He initiated a trade war, especially with China, signaling an end to the neoliberal era.

The MAGA Plan

16. The MAGA plan seeks to:

  • Reindustrialize America;
  • Maintain the dollar as global reserve currency.

 

17. Its components include:

  • Tariff chaos
  • Reciprocal tariffs
  • The Mar-a-Lago Accord

 

18. The author warns the US may struggle to persuade allies to adopt this new order. If they refuse, the US faces a dilemma: surrender the dollar’s dominance or rely on foreign industrial capacity.