Translation
1. To reinforce the position [k4: wrong article + k4: incorrect pronoun] their positions in the market, two famous brands decided to create the strategic alliance [k3: unnatural collocation + k4: wrong article] form a strategic alliance and launch the joint advertising [k3: inaccurate word choice + k4: wrong article] launch a joint advertising campaign.
2. When launching a new product into the market, the company tried to use the equity of a well-known brand [k3: unnatural collocation] the brand equity of a well-known brand, not to build [k4: misuse of a verbal] rather than build awareness from scratch.
3. The management hoped that collaboration with a popular sports brand will give [k4: wrong tense] would give the synergy effect [k3: unnatural collocation] synergy and attract new audience [k4: wrong article] a new audience.
4. Their advertising gimmick turned out to be a [k4: wrong article] disruptive and unexpected and evoked the enthusiastic reaction [k4: wrong article] an enthusiastic reaction both in the press and in social median [k5: wrong spelling] media.
5. The agency suggested the unconventional approach [k4: wrong article] an unconventional approach to brand promotion.
6. During the rebranding, the company changed not only the name, but also the visual identity, including the logo, color palette and package design [k3: unnatural collocation] packaging design.
7. The new general director [k3: inaccurate word choice] managing director stated that the changes must effect [k3: inaccurate word choice] affect not only the outside of the brand image [k3: unnatural collocation] the external side of the brand image, but also the very essence of the company.
8. Manufacturers of alternative products faced with [k4: wrong verb form] faced misinformation campaign [k4: wrong article] a misinformation campaign in which their goods are presented [k4: wrong tense] were presented unhealthy [k4: misuse of a verbal or k4: missing conjunction] as unhealthy and artificial.
9. After changing of [k4: misuse of a verbal] changing the name and positions [k3: inaccurate word choice] positioning, the brand relies on standing out in the adjacent markets and attracts new groups of customers.
10. Some of the companies resorted to appropriation of a brand's image of the competitor [k3: unnatural collocation + k4: incorrect possessive case] appropriating a competitor's brand image or using someone else's news hook for the quick appearing [k4: misuse of a verbal + k4: wrong article] a quick appearance in the center of attention.
11. Modern brands fit in [k3: unnatural collocation] fit into the cultural conversations [k3: unnatural collocation] cultural conversations to show the own relevance [k4: incorrect pronoun + k4: wrong article] their own relevance and сloseness of the audience interesting [k3: unnatural collocation + k4: incorrect possessive case] closeness to the audience's interests.
12. Thanks to witty comment [k4: wrong article] a witty comment under the publication of the competitor [k3: unnatural collocation + k4: incorrect possessive case] a competitor's post, the company got the viral visibility [k3: unnatural collocation + k4: wrong article] viral visibility and immediately increased the reach [k4: incorrect pronoun or k4: wrong article] its reach.
13. Marketers understanding [k4: wrong verb form] Marketers understood that without cultural relevance, the brand risked to lose [k4: misuse of a verbal] risked losing the connection with young customers.
14. Regular discounts and unreasonable sales gradually began to the cheapen reputation [k4: incorrect word order + k4: wrong article] to cheapen the reputation of the brand in the eyes of customers.
15. An experienced brand manager works with biggest discernment [k3: unnatural collocation + k4: wrong degree of comparison form] great discernment and knows how to distinguish the temporary trend [k4: wrong article] a temporary trend from truly important cultural shift [k4: wrong article] a truly important cultural shift.
Dialogues
(Milo/Nike) I chose Nike's side.
Version A: Curious reaction
-Head of Marketing: One possible approach would be to make collaboration with MILO [k3: unnatural collocation] a collaboration with MILO. I suggest a new co-branding campaign built around childhood memories of famous athletes.
-Owner: That’s an interesting idea. I hadn’t thought about that before.
-Head of Marketing: This might help us gain visibility among a new audience, because we attract people that [k4: incorrect pronoun] who thinking [k4: wrong verb form] are thinking about becoming famous athletes.
-Owner: What kind of result [k4: incorrect number form] results are you expecting?
-Head of Marketing: By doing this, we would be able to increase our sales and attract new young audience [k4: wrong article] a new young audience.
-Owner: That sounds promising. [k5: punctuation – missing full stop]
-Head of Marketing: If you like that idea, I will start to thinking [k4: misuse of a verbal] thinking about how to launch it and what ads are needed.
Version B: Skeptical reaction
-Head of Marketing: It might be worth trying a strategy that moves us from our current positioning to collaboration with MILO [k3: wrong article] a collaboration with MILO that helps us to attract new young audience [k4: wrong article] a new young audience.
-Owner: I’m not sure that would work in practice. How exactly would that work?
-Head of Marketing: During collaboration [k4: wrong article] the collaboration, we will show how our potential customers from their childhood can become to [k4: incorrect verb pattern] can become to the well-known athletes [k4: wrong article] well-known athletes.
-Owner: I’m a bit skeptical about that. Do we actually have the resources to do that?
-Head of Marketing: Of course we have [k4: wrong auxiliary verb] do . This co-branding have [k4: wrong subject–verb agreement] This co-branding has to be able a key [k3: unnatural collocation] to become a key of the new audience [k3: unnatural collocation] to a new audience to both companies and it will cost for us not expensive [k3: unnatural collocation + k4: incorrect adverbial form] not be expensive for us, because we only need to think about ads and history [k3: inaccurate word choice] the story of how to truly present it.
-Owner: I’m concerned that this might backfire.
-Head of Marketing: Trust me and you will see how it helps our company gets [k4: wrong verb form] get a viral visibility [k3: unnatural collocation] viral visibility.
2
(Lumos Insurance)
Version A: Curious reaction
-Head of Marketing: A sensible strategy would be to expand the rebranded company into adjacent markets.
-Owner: What do you have in mind?
-Head of Marketing: This could allow us to reposition the brand and we should need [k4: incorrect modal verb + k4: incorrect word order] we would need to change the brand's name too.
-Owner: What would the first step be?
-Head of Marketing: The first step is to change the name from "Plateau Group" to "Lumos Insurance", because we need to [k4: incomplete verb phrase] need to show the sphere [k3: unnatural collocation] the sector in which the company works and after expand [k4: incorrect word order] afterwards expand the brand into adjacent markets.
-Owner: Why do we need to change our market position?
-Head of Marketing: It would be the best marketing strategy to take profitable positions [k3: unnatural collocation] a profitable position between strong competitors by expanding our company into the adjacent markets [k4: wrong article] adjacent markets.
-Owner: That’s an interesting idea. Let's do it.
Version B: Skeptical reaction
-Head of Marketing: I suggest that the company be rebranded, [k5: syntax – comma splice] . we need [k4: incorrect clause structure] We need to change the brand's name and to expand [k4: parallel structure] expand the company into adjacent markets.
-Owner: That might be difficult to implement.
-Head of Marketing: At the beginning it will be difficult, but it would be a smart decision to increase our sales.
-Owner: How would that work in practice?
-Head of Marketing: The marketing research shows [k3: unnatural collocation] Marketing research shows that we would make more money on it [k3: inaccurate preposition] from it, because we would take the position [k3: unnatural collocation] a position in an untapped adjacent market, where we won't have [k1: no short forms in formal writing] will not have competitors.
-Owner: I’m a bit skeptical about that.
-Head of Marketing: I suggest that we need to make it [k4: incorrect clause structure + k3: inaccurate expression] we do it.
-Owner: I can see the idea, but I have some reservations, [k5: syntax – comma splice] , so I need to make double check [k3: unnatural collocation] double-check it.
Rendering on Brands Withdrawal
High price for associations: How the war in Ukraine was changed the fate of foreign brands
was changed [k4: passive structure error] changed / has changed / has reshaped
The Russo-Ukrainian war, had started [k4: tense] which started / which began in 2022, and not only redrew [k5: faulty parallelism] not only redrew / has not only redrawn the geopolitical borders, but also she fundamentally destroyed [k4: pronoun reference] it fundamentally destroyed / fundamentally disrupted the connections between Russia and the global corporate world, created the landscape, where [k3: collocation + relative clause] creating a landscape in which / creating a situation where neutrality became practically impossible.
Exodus of the foreign brands was swift and deep which affecting [k5: sentence structure + k4: verb form] The exodus of foreign brands was swift and deep, affecting / The withdrawal of foreign brands was rapid and extensive, affecting the companies both inside Russia and in the world arena [k3: collocation] on the global stage.
For a few weeks after the invasion, the massive corporate withdrawal from Russia started [k3: word order] a massive corporate withdrawal from Russia began.
The industrial giants such as Apple, ExxonMobil and Boeing announced about= immediate steps [k4: preposition + typo] announced immediate steps / announced plans to break off relations.
Apple stopped all sales of their products [k3: style] its products, at the same time [k3: cohesion] / while / simultaneously Boeing discontinued the support for Russian airlines [k4: article] support for Russian airlines.
In the energy sector, there was happened dramatic withdrawal of assets [k4: grammar] a dramatic withdrawal of assets occurred/happened.
ExxonMobil started the staged escape [k3: lexical choice] a staged withdrawal / a phased exit from their biggest Sakhalin project.
That wave affected all sectors, only in the IT sector, [k5: run-on sentence] That wave affected all sectors. In the IT sector, the companies such as Intel, Microsoft and Cisco stopped the operations [k3: collocation] stopped operations, deprived the Russian market critically important software [k3: word order] depriving the Russian market of critically important software.
The message was clear: the work in Russia [k3: collocation] doing business in Russia became impractical because of the sanctions [k3: article] sanctions.
However, the problems for Western brands were not limited to those who left.
A new share of troubles appeared [k3: lexical choice] A new set of problems emerged
for the companies which were understood as too soft for Russia [k3: phrasing, unnatural wording] were perceived as too lenient towards Russia.
or on the contrary of those whose assets in Ukraine were became collateral damage [k4/k3: grammar + phrasing] or, on the contrary, those whose assets in Ukraine became collateral damage.
The clothes brand [k3: lexical choice] clothing brand "Vans" faced with furious reaction [k3: collocation] faced a furious reaction at the beginning of 2026, after its European division described the relocation of the Russian skateboarder from Moscow in the interview [k5: word order / article use] described in an interview the relocation of a Russian skateboarder from Moscow / described the relocation of a Russian skateboarder from Moscow in an interview as a reaction to "an immediate changes of the geopolitical situation" [k4: number agreement+wrong preposition] "immediate changes in the geopolitical situation".
In a cruel twist, some of the world's biggest brands got [k3: wrong verb] incurred the financial loses [k4: spelling + article] financial losses.
Only in January and February of 2026 only, the Russian hits [k3: lexical mistake] Russian strikes were struct [k4: grammar – wrong verb form] hit the plant "Mondelez International" in Sumy oblast and the oil plant "Bunge Global SA" in Dnipro that [k5: syntactic cohesion / wrong linker] , which illustrated the fact that presence [k4: article] the presence of the Western business in Ukraine , [k5: punctuation – comma separates subject and predicate] made them targets. / In January and February 2026 only, Russian strikes hit the Mondelez International plant in Sumy oblast and the Bunge Global SA oil plant in Dnipro, which illustrated the fact that the presence of Western business in Ukraine made them targets.
Meanwhile, for the companies which still left Russia [k3: wording] had already left Russia, the door would will be forever closed. The Russian government made clear, the firms that provided the military support for Ukraine, did not be the welcome guests [k4: grammar] would not be welcome.
For example, "Renault" which saved the option for the share buyback of their Russian assets, factually lost that chance [k3: lexical] effectively lost that chance, joining in the partnership [k3: preposition] by joining a partnership with France defense sector for the production of the military drones.
By the way of the adaptation of the Russian economy [k3: unnatural phrase] As the Russian economy adapted even those who not entered into [k4: grammar] had not been entered into "Black list" [k3: spelling / collocation] "blacklist", faced with changing landscape [k3: collocation] faced a changing landscape, where their former assets were nationalized or repurposed, how it was seen in the example [k3: phrasing] as seen in the example of the plant "Moscow" which did not return to the production of the Europe brands [k3/k4: collocation + article] did not return to producing European brands.
In conclusion, the war led to the long-term rebuilding [k3: collocation] long-term restructuring, proving that the global accusation of the business with conflict in any form [k3: unclear phrasing] proving that the association of business with conflict in any form had long-term and often devastating consequences.
Learn these words
Task IV (LEGO)
Marketing Head: I’ve got an idea. Let's be part of a charity campaign[k3: awkward phrasing]Let’s take part in a charity campaign, because we can simply give our products to charity. I’ve got an idea: let’s take part in a charity campaign by donating our products. / I’ve got an idea — let’s join a charity campaign and contribute our products.
CEO: What exactly are you suggesting?
Marketing Head: If we give our products to charity, for example to children in any life situation[k3: unnatural collocation]difficult life situations / difficult circumstances, we will build a positive image and earn more trust from customers. If we donate our products to charity, for instance to children facing difficult circumstances, we will strengthen our image and gain greater customer trust. / By giving our products to children in need, we can create a positive public image and earn our customers’ trust.
CEO: How does it help[k4: tense consistency]will it help our company and how much will it cost us?
Marketing Head: We will make a difference for the better[k3: a rare collocation, don't us eit this way] a difference and attract a new customers[k4: article/number]new customers and[k5: punctuation — a comma is needed before the second clause], and it might be cheaper to donate the products than to run a huge ad campaign. For us it is[k4: tense consistency] it will be not cost much[k4: wrong verbal structure]costly, because it is our products[k3: awkward phrasing]they are our own products. We will make a difference and attract new customers, and donating our products may turn out to be cheaper than launching a large advertising campaign. Since these are our own products, the cost for us will remain relatively low. / We will have a positive impact and draw in new customers, while donating our products could cost less than running a major ad campaign.
CEO: What social problem[k4: number] problems our company could[k4: wrong word order in a question]could our company help solve by helping charity?[k3: awkward collocation]? What social problems could our company help solve through charitable work? / Which social issues could our company address by supporting charity?
Marketing Head: We will help to solve the social problems for children in different lifi situation[k3: awkward phrasing + k5: spelling]solve social problems affecting children in different life situations by making them happy. We will help address social problems affecting children in difficult life situations by bringing them joy. / We can support children facing different hardships and improve their well-being by giving them moments of happiness.
CEO: Which placement[k3: wrong word choice]approach / direction should we take?
Marketing Head: We should start from local[k3: wrong collocation]locally / on a local level and after we will expand to national[k4: wrong structure]afterwards expand nationwide. We should start on a local level and then expand nationwide. / It would be better to begin locally and later move to the national level.
CEO: Good strategy. I love it. Let’s do it.
Business_Legal_Employment_Franchising in Russia_B2_C1
Plastic bag debate
While goverments[k5: spelling mistake]governments have increasingly targeted plastic bags as an unnecessary evil, the plastic-bag industry argues that they are not main problem of environment[k4: missing article + incorrect preposition]not the main environmental problem.
On the surface, the industry disputes the idea that bags are being[k4: wrong verb form – unnecessary progressive]are evil, because they can reuse[k4: wrong voice – active instead of passive]can be reused.
However, the article presents counterarguments suggesting that their impact are[k4: subject-verb agreement – 'impact is']their impact is not overstated, because they harm the wildlife[k4: incorrect article – 'wildlife' is uncountable]wildlife.
Compared to other waste, bags account for a small fraction of seaside litter and plastic bottles being[k5: syntax – fragment; 'being' instead of finite verb], while plastic bottles are more dangerous for us.
Proponents of plastic bags emphasize their less manufactoring footprint[k5: spelling mistake + k3: unnatural collocation]smaller manufacturing footprint and we can reuse them[k5: syntax – parallel structure broken]and the fact that they can be reused.
Ultimately, the article suggests that bags are being a target evil[k4: wrong verb form + unnatural phrase]have become a targeted evil, but can be a useful tool for raising awareness about environmental problems.
The question remains, however, whether such measures address the root causes of environmental degradation or merely serve as a convenient campaign.
Although governments have increasingly treated plastic bags as an unnecessary evil, the plastic‑bag industry argues that they are not the main environmental problem.
On the surface, the industry rejects the notion that bags are inherently evil, pointing out that they can be reused.
However, the article counters that the impact of plastic bags is indeed significant, as they harm wildlife.
Compared to other waste, bags account for only a small fraction of seaside litter, whereas plastic bottles pose a greater danger to humans.
Supporters of plastic bags highlight their smaller manufacturing footprint and their reusability.
In conclusion, the article suggests that plastic bags have become a symbolic target, yet they can serve as a useful tool for raising environmental awareness.
Environment_Argumentation_B2
Rendered article: Foreign companies withdrawal from Russia
At the beginning of that article, we find out that many companies withdrew from Russian market[k4: missing article]the Russian market in 2022-2023, and workers[k3: inaccurate word choice]specialists from analytical company Kept[k4: missing article + k3: tautology avoided]the research firm Kept showed that 62% of the biggest businesses left our country, however,[k5: comma splice]; however, 115 companies continued working.
At the beginning of the article, we learn that many companies withdrew from the Russian market in 2022‑2023, and experts from the analytical firm Kept showed that 62% of the largest businesses left the country; however, 115 companies continued operating.In one of the hand[k3: incorrect idiom]On the one hand, the majority of companies that withdrew us[k4: wrong pronoun/voice]withdrew were: North EU[k3: unnatural phrasing]Northern European countries, USA, Canada and Great Britain.
On the one hand, the majority of companies that withdrew were from Northern Europe, the USA, Canada, and Great Britain.On the other hand, 80% of Italian and Belgian companies saved their positions[k3: unnatural collocation]maintained their presence and some of them also expanded.
Conversely, 80% of Italian and Belgian companies maintained their presence, and some even expanded.In addition, half of Austrian businesses and more than 60% of Swiss companies continued working in our country.
Furthermore, half of Austrian businesses and over 60% of Swiss companies continued to operate in Russia.That is explained by historical relationships, because the majority of them had manufacturing and supply chains and also flexible methods under sanctions[k3: inaccurate word choice]adaptive strategies to cope with sanctions.
This is explained by historical ties: most of them had established manufacturing and supply chains, as well as adaptive strategies for operating under sanctions.In addition, some of the companies saved their goodwill[k3: unnatural collocation]preserved their goodwill by changing their structures and branding,[k5: comma splice]; they also made it to decrease[k4: incorrect phrasing]managed to reduce their risks and save companies[k3: vague]protect their businesses.
Additionally, some companies preserved their goodwill by restructuring and rebranding; they also managed to reduce their risks and protect their businesses.The head of the Russian funds of the direct investments[k3: incorrect name]Russian Direct Investment Fund told[k4: wrong verb (needs object)]said that American business lost more than $300 billions[k4: incorrect plural]billion for[k4: wrong preposition]over the last 3 years by withdrawing from our market.
The head of the Russian Direct Investment Fund said that American businesses lost more than $300 billion over the last three years by withdrawing from the Russian market.The stricter regulatory requirements were entered into force[k4: wrong passive form]came into force in Russia in 2024, and they increased the minimum of the discount by selling assets[k3: unnatural phrasing]minimum discount for selling assets to 60% and paying taxes[k3: unclear]tax payments to 35%.
Stricter regulatory requirements came into force in Russia in 2024, raising the minimum discount on asset sales to 60% and tax payments to 35%.Kept experts[k4: missing possessive apostrophe] Kept's experts thought that western regulators made problems to withdraw[k4: incorrect verb pattern]created obstacles to withdrawing from Russia, because they banned transactions from main banks to them[k3: vague pronoun]from major banks to the withdrawing companies and it led to use[k4: wrong infinitive]this led to the use of CIS banks, but it was risky and more difficult, and also it led to problems with payment[k4: singular/plural]payments to their customers.
Kept's experts believed that Western regulators created obstacles to withdrawing from Russia by banning transactions from major banks to the withdrawing companies, which forced the use of CIS banks – a riskier and more difficult alternative – and also caused problems with payments to their customers.For the most part, companies related with[k4: wrong preposition]related to food industry were stayed[k4: wrong voice]remained in Russia, such as Procter & Gamble, Unilever, Johnson & Johnson, Nestlé, Mars, Philip Morris and Auchan.
For the most part, companies related to the food industry remained in Russia, such as Procter & Gamble, Unilever, Johnson & Johnson, Nestlé, Mars, Philip Morris, and Auchan.The medical sector did not change, on contrary[k3: missing article]; on the contrary, foreign countries[k3: illogical – countries don't act]foreign companies improved their positions in our market by adding new medicines.
The medical sector did not change; on the contrary, foreign companies strengthened their positions in the Russian market by introducing new medicines.Some of the companies changed their strategies and made the rebranding[k3: unnatural]rebranded to continue the selling of[k3: wordy]selling their goods.
Some companies changed their strategies and rebranded in order to continue selling their goods.Other companies like Barilla expanded their positions in our market and made the manufacturing[k3: unnatural]set up manufacturing of their products in our country.
Other companies, such as Barilla, expanded their presence in the Russian market and set up local manufacturing of their products.Transection[k5: spelling]Transaction business worked[k3: vague]operated too and more of them continued working, because after the war, president of [k4: missing article]the president of the Russia[k4: unnecessary article]Russia updated the law, which was banned[k4: wrong voice]which banned the foreign management of western and other companies that led to impossible of buying[k4: incorrect noun form], making it impossible to buy stocks and controlling of their assets.
Transaction businesses also operated, and many of them continued working because, after the war, the president of Russia updated the law to ban foreign management of Western and other companies, making it impossible to buy stocks or control their assets.In conclusion, Natalie Milchakova thought that foreign companies would increase their numbers in our country, on contrary[k3: missing article]; on the contrary, Yaroslav Kabakov forecasted that more businesses in Russia would withdraw us[k4: wrong pronoun]withdraw from Russia.
In conclusion, Natalie Milchakova believed that the number of foreign companies in Russia would increase, whereas Yaroslav Kabakov predicted that more businesses would withdraw from Russia.