The Structure of a Flower (B2 level) A flower is the reproductive part (репродуктивная часть) of a flowering plant (цветковое растение). Its main function is to produce seeds (семена) after pollination (опыление) and fertilisation (оплодотворение). Although flowers differ greatly in shape and size, most of them share a common basic structure.
A typical flower consists of four main parts. Sepals (чашелистики) form the outer layer and protect the flower bud (цветочный бутон) before it opens. Petals (лепестки) are often brightly coloured and attract pollinators (опылители) such as insects. Inside the petals are the reproductive organs. The stamens (тычинки) are the male parts (мужские органы) of the flower; each stamen includes a filament (тычиночная нить) and an anther (пыльник), where pollen (пыльца) is produced. The pistil (пестик), also called the carpel (плодолистик), is the female part (женский орган) of the flower. It consists of the stigma (рыльце), style (столбик), and ovary (завязь), which contains the ovules (семязачатки).
Flowering plants are usually divided into two major groups: monocotyledons (monocots) (однодольные растения) and dicotyledons (dicots) (двудольные растения). One of the most noticeable differences between these groups can be seen in the structure of their flowers. In monocot flowers (цветки однодольных растений), floral parts usually occur in multiples of three (кратные трём). For example, a monocot flower may have three or six petals and the same number of stamens. Monocots typically have long, narrow leaves (длинные узкие листья) with parallel veins (параллельное жилкование), and their stems usually do not become thicker with age. Examples of monocot plants include lilies, tulips, grasses, and orchids. In contrast, dicot flowers (цветки двудольных растений) usually have floral parts in multiples of four or five (кратные четырём или пяти). Their flowers often show a more complex internal structure. Dicots generally have broad leaves (широкие листья) with branching veins (сетчатое жилкование), and many of them can form woody stems (древесные стебли). Common dicot plants include roses, sunflowers, beans, and apple trees.
To sum up, although all flowers share the same basic parts, the number and arrangement (количество и расположение) of these parts help us distinguish between monocots and dicots. Understanding these differences is essential for plant classification (классификация растений) and the study of plant reproduction (размножение растений).
Parts of a Flower — drag the terms into the correct places on the picture.
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