How to Know If It’s Time to Change Careers

TED — The Way We Work

This page helps students analyse the structure of a short TED talk, identify its main parts, and prepare a short presentation-style summary using useful introductory and linking phrases.

Lesson focus: speech structure, summarising, presentation openings, transitions, and concluding phrases.

Task

Step 1

Watch the video and read the transcript below ot and divide the speaker’s ideas into logical parts.

or open thins link to yandex disk: https://disk.yandex.ru/i/K8-59bGkf0iodQ

Transcript

0:00I was not one of those kids that knew exactly what they wanted to do when they were growing up. In the last 15 years of my career, I've been an English teacher, attorney, video game creator and now, a toilet paper salesman,

0:10selling millions of rolls of toilet paper a year. [The Way We Work] Life is about finding the intersection of what you really, really love with what you're really, really good at. As simple as it sounds, it's really not that easy to find.

0:24After a brief stint as an English teacher, I went to law school and ended up becoming an attorney at a big law firm here in New York City. Like most Americans, for the next two, three years, I was holding on to my job for dear life,

0:35working really late hours at a job that I thought maybe I was good at but certainly not one that I really loved. I then came upon the epiphany that it takes years if not tens of thousands of hours to get really good at something.

0:46I really didn't have a lot of time to waste. This talk isn't for those looking to quit their job because they don't like their boss or they had a long day at work. This is for those that are ready to make the completely scary leap into a brand-new career.

0:58So as you think about making a career change, here are a few tips I hope you consider and a few things I've picked up along the way. First, there's three things to think about before you're ready to move on. Number one: professional life is about learning.

1:10If you're not even interested in learning anymore, that's a huge red flag that there might not be a future for you in that industry. Number two: career changes are often gut-driven. If you constantly have sleepless nights

1:21where you're wide awake staring at the ceiling thinking, "Oh, man. I can't live with myself if I never try to make this change or if I don't even actually investigate it," then trust your gut. It might be time for that career change.

1:32On the flip side, one reason to not move on is short-term pain. If you don't like your boss or people at the office are grating on you, that's actually not a good reason to absolutely change your career,

1:42because when you do change a career, you generally have to start from the bottom, and you'll probably feel a lot of short-term pain, whether it's through a lack of salary or lack of a title. Pain at any job is inevitable.

1:52So now you're convinced that it's time to change your career. Then there's three things to do immediately. First: network, network, network. No one ever builds a career without a good mentor or a good support network.

2:04What I mean by networking is getting all the great advice that you can possibly get. Technology has made it so simple to reach out to new people to say, "Hey, I'm thinking about making a career change. Do you have just five minutes to chat with me?"

2:16That passion and that hunger and that ability to be a sponge really attracts awesome mentors and people willing to give you their time to give you some good advice. So go out there and meet new people.

2:26The second thing you need to do immediately is shore up your finances. The reality is, when you change your career, you'll either start with a job with a lower title or lower pay or maybe even no pay,

2:36especially if you're starting your own business. So going out there and making sure your finances are in order to make the transition less painful is really, really important. For me personally, as I made the transition from being an attorney

2:47over to a video game creator, I wanted to have at least six to 12 months of personal runway in the bank. Six to 12 months might not be the right number for you, but be honest with yourself on what that number should be. Number three, if you're not ready to make the full jump right at this moment,

3:02then get your side hustle on. Side hustles could be anything from volunteering with an organization that's in the new industry you want to go into, could be starting your business part-time on the weekends. It's a free way to get a taste to see if you really love something.

3:15So you're ready to make the move or maybe you already made the move. Here are three things you should think about doing, right now. One: do not -- I repeat -- do not burn bridges. You spent years building those bridges,

3:27why burn them now? The world is such a small place, especially with all these online platforms, that, believe me, you will see these people again and probably in the most inopportune times.

3:36Number two: take stock of what you've learned in your previous career or careers. Most likely, a lot of those things are really applicable to your new job and your new career, whether it's interacting with people, playing on a team

3:48or dealing with jerks and assholes. All those things are really universally applicable. You'll find jerks no matter what industry you're in; no one's immune to it, everyone's got to figure it out, and you probably know how to do it already.

4:00Lastly, when you start your new job, you're going to be nervous. But don't worry, take a deep breath, because this is what I want to tell you: you're part of a new team now, and everyone around you is rooting for your success,

4:11because your success is their success. So welcome to your new career.

Step 2

Explain the purpose of each part: for example, whether it introduces the topic, gives criteria, offers practical advice, or concludes the talk.

Step 3

Prepare a short presentation-style summary of the talk. Use at least 5 introductory or linking phrases from the phrase bank below.

Step 4

Give your own opinion: do you agree that losing interest in learning is a strong sign that a person may need to change careers?

Presentation-Related Introductory and Linking Phrases

Beginning the presentation

  • I'd like to start by saying ..

Outlining a structure

  • I've divided my talk up into .
  • First of all, I'lI ... After that, l'll I'll conclude with ...

Referring forwards / backwards / sideways

  • I'll return to ... later.
  • As I said earlier, ...
  • I'll say more about ... in a moment.
  • Just to digress for a second,…

Signalling the next section

  • OK, moving on ...
  • Turning to ...
  • This brings me to ...

Ensuring understanding of a specialist subject

  • Just to fill you in on some of the background,
  • By ... I mean ...
  • Now I don't know if you are familiar with ..?
  • Well, ... refers to ...
  • This is where ...
  • And perhaps here I should explain what I mean by ...
  • That's when ...
  • So, for example, ...
  • And this is my key point.

Ending the presentation

  • To sum up, ...
  • I'll be happy to take any questions now.

Logical Parts of the Speech

Part Timestamp Function in the speech Main idea
1. Personal hook / credibility-building 0:00–0:16 The speaker introduces himself through his unusual career path. He did not have one fixed career identity: he was an English teacher, attorney, video game creator, and then a toilet paper salesman.
2. Main thesis / central message 0:16–0:48 He presents the central idea of the talk. A fulfilling career lies at the intersection of what people love and what they are good at.
3. Who this advice is for 0:48–1:04 He narrows the target audience and clarifies the limits of his advice. The talk is not for people who simply had a bad day; it is for those seriously considering a major career change.
4. How to know whether it is time to change careers 1:04–1:52 He gives diagnostic criteria. People should consider whether they are still learning, whether their gut tells them to move on, and whether their discomfort is only temporary.
5. How to prepare for the career change 1:52–3:15 He offers practical preparation steps. People should network, organise their finances, and try a side hustle before making the full jump.
6. How to behave after making the move 3:15–4:14 He gives final advice and ends with reassurance. People should not burn bridges, should value transferable skills, and should accept nervousness as normal.

Model Presentation-Style Summary

Show / hide model answer

Good morning, everyone. Today, I’m going to talk about a TED speech called How to Know If It’s Time to Change Careers.

I’ve divided my summary into several parts. First, I’ll look at how the speaker introduces the topic through his own career path. Then, I’ll move on to the main message of the talk. After that, I’ll explain the speaker’s practical advice for people who are considering a career change.

The talk begins with a personal hook. The speaker says that he did not always know what he wanted to do and explains that he has worked as an English teacher, an attorney, a video game creator, and a toilet paper salesman. This makes his advice sound more convincing because he is speaking from personal experience.

This brings me to the central message of the talk. According to the speaker, a good career should combine what people love with what they are good at. However, finding this intersection is difficult because it takes years to become truly skilled at something.

Another important point is that not every bad day at work means a person should change careers. The speaker argues that people should not leave an entire profession just because they dislike their boss or feel temporary discomfort.

Let me now turn to the speaker’s main criteria. He suggests that people may need a career change if they are no longer interested in learning, if they constantly feel that they must try something different, and if their dissatisfaction is not caused only by short-term pain.

It is also worth mentioning that the speaker gives practical advice. He recommends networking, preparing financially, and trying a side hustle before making a complete career transition.

To sum up, the key message of the talk is that career change can be frightening, but it can also be necessary if a person wants to build a more meaningful professional life. Thank you for listening.

Student Worksheet

Exercise 1. Match the part with its function

Write the correct function next to each part of the talk.

  1. Personal hook / credibility-building — ______________________________
  2. Main thesis / central message — ______________________________
  3. Who this advice is for — ______________________________
  4. How to know whether it is time to change careers — ______________________________
  5. How to prepare for the career change — ______________________________
  6. How to behave after making the move — ______________________________

Exercise 2. Complete the presentation summary

Use phrases from the phrase bank.

1. __________________________, today I’m going to talk about a TED speech on career change.

2. __________________________, the speaker introduces himself through his unusual career path.

3. __________________________ the central message of the talk: a fulfilling career should combine passion and ability.

4. __________________________, the speaker explains how to prepare for a career transition.

5. __________________________, the talk suggests that changing careers can be frightening but worthwhile.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

  1. Why does the speaker mention his own career path at the beginning?
  2. What does he mean by the “intersection” of what you love and what you are good at?
  3. Why is short-term pain not always a good reason to change careers?
  4. Why does the speaker recommend networking?
  5. What does “personal runway” mean in the context of career change?
  6. Do you agree that transferable skills are useful when changing careers? Why or why not?

Exercise 4. Prepare your own mini-presentation

Prepare a 1–2 minute presentation using this structure:

  1. Introduce the topic.
  2. Say how the talk is organised.
  3. Summarise 2–3 key ideas.
  4. Give your own opinion.
  5. Finish with a concluding phrase.

Useful beginning:

Good morning, everyone. Today, I’m going to talk about a TED speech which explains how people can understand whether it is time to change careers.

 
 
 

Transcript

0:00I was not one of those kids that knew exactly what they wanted to do when they were growing up. In the last 15 years of my career, I've been an English teacher, attorney, video game creator and now, a toilet paper salesman,

0:10selling millions of rolls of toilet paper a year. [The Way We Work] Life is about finding the intersection of what you really, really love with what you're really, really good at. As simple as it sounds, it's really not that easy to find.

0:24After a brief stint as an English teacher, I went to law school and ended up becoming an attorney at a big law firm here in New York City. Like most Americans, for the next two, three years, I was holding on to my job for dear life,

0:35working really late hours at a job that I thought maybe I was good at but certainly not one that I really loved. I then came upon the epiphany that it takes years if not tens of thousands of hours to get really good at something.

0:46I really didn't have a lot of time to waste. This talk isn't for those looking to quit their job because they don't like their boss or they had a long day at work. This is for those that are ready to make the completely scary leap into a brand-new career.

0:58So as you think about making a career change, here are a few tips I hope you consider and a few things I've picked up along the way. First, there's three things to think about before you're ready to move on. Number one: professional life is about learning.

1:10If you're not even interested in learning anymore, that's a huge red flag that there might not be a future for you in that industry. Number two: career changes are often gut-driven. If you constantly have sleepless nights

1:21where you're wide awake staring at the ceiling thinking, "Oh, man. I can't live with myself if I never try to make this change or if I don't even actually investigate it," then trust your gut. It might be time for that career change.

1:32On the flip side, one reason to not move on is short-term pain. If you don't like your boss or people at the office are grating on you, that's actually not a good reason to absolutely change your career,

1:42because when you do change a career, you generally have to start from the bottom, and you'll probably feel a lot of short-term pain, whether it's through a lack of salary or lack of a title. Pain at any job is inevitable.

1:52So now you're convinced that it's time to change your career. Then there's three things to do immediately. First: network, network, network. No one ever builds a career without a good mentor or a good support network.

2:04What I mean by networking is getting all the great advice that you can possibly get. Technology has made it so simple to reach out to new people to say, "Hey, I'm thinking about making a career change. Do you have just five minutes to chat with me?"

2:16That passion and that hunger and that ability to be a sponge really attracts awesome mentors and people willing to give you their time to give you some good advice. So go out there and meet new people.

2:26The second thing you need to do immediately is shore up your finances. The reality is, when you change your career, you'll either start with a job with a lower title or lower pay or maybe even no pay,

2:36especially if you're starting your own business. So going out there and making sure your finances are in order to make the transition less painful is really, really important. For me personally, as I made the transition from being an attorney

2:47over to a video game creator, I wanted to have at least six to 12 months of personal runway in the bank. Six to 12 months might not be the right number for you, but be honest with yourself on what that number should be. Number three, if you're not ready to make the full jump right at this moment,

3:02then get your side hustle on. Side hustles could be anything from volunteering with an organization that's in the new industry you want to go into, could be starting your business part-time on the weekends. It's a free way to get a taste to see if you really love something.

3:15So you're ready to make the move or maybe you already made the move. Here are three things you should think about doing, right now. One: do not -- I repeat -- do not burn bridges. You spent years building those bridges,

3:27why burn them now? The world is such a small place, especially with all these online platforms, that, believe me, you will see these people again and probably in the most inopportune times.

3:36Number two: take stock of what you've learned in your previous career or careers. Most likely, a lot of those things are really applicable to your new job and your new career, whether it's interacting with people, playing on a team

3:48or dealing with jerks and assholes. All those things are really universally applicable. You'll find jerks no matter what industry you're in; no one's immune to it, everyone's got to figure it out, and you probably know how to do it already.

4:00Lastly, when you start your new job, you're going to be nervous. But don't worry, take a deep breath, because this is what I want to tell you: you're part of a new team now, and everyone around you is rooting for your success,

4:11because your success is their success. So welcome to your new career.

Home Activity 1. Vocabulary Drag-and-Drop

Task: Match the English words and phrases with their Russian translations. Drag the English items from the word bank into the correct dropzones.

Russian translation / dropzone English draggable item
неприязнь / сопротивление изменениям
предвидеть проблемы
сравнивать с эталоном / ориентиром
выполнять; проводить
карьеризм, основанный на переработках / долгом пребывании на работе
отвлечься от темы
карьерный кочевник; человек, часто меняющий работу или карьерное направление
облегчать изменения; способствовать изменениям
поездки на работу и обратно
ввести кого-либо в курс дела
учитывать / удовлетворять потребности или требования
пытаться справиться с трудной проблемой; разбираться с чем-либо сложным
гибкий рабочий график
внедрять инновации в рабочие практики
объективные / количественные данные
смягчать; уменьшать негативные последствия
переоценка
точно определить / выявить
надёжный; устойчивый
создать / обеспечить необходимую инфраструктуру
самоподдерживающийся цикл
возродить чувство цели
работать на результат / оцениваться по результату
субъективные / качественные данные
неиспользованный; незадействованный
обратная сторона чего-либо
баланс между работой и личной жизнью
сокращение управленческих уровней в организации
подработка; сторонний проект
неприятный / грубый человек; хам
внезапное озарение
краткий период работы / занятия чем-либо
работать допоздна
неизбежный
адвокат; юрист
пересечение; точка пересечения
side hustle
to mitigate
an intersection
to accommodate needs/ requirements
binge-time careerism
hard data
to fill sb in
career nomad
to benchmark
inevitable
to work by output/ result
aversion to change
commuting
epiphany
to put in place the necessary infrastructure
soft data
to digress
a brief stint
flexible working hours
to carry out
reappraisal
work-life balance
to facilitate change
attorney
to pinpoint
robust
the flip side to sth
to anticipate problems
untapped
self-perpetuating cycle
delayering
to work late hours
to implement innovations in working practices
jerk
to grapple with
to revive sense of purpose

 

Total Questions: 0

Incorrect Answers: 0

Home Activity 2. Presenting an Action Plan for Improving Morale

Task

8 Work with a partner.

You work for a manufacturing company which has a problem with morale in the factory. Read about the possible causes in the email, then follow steps 1–4.

  1. Briefly outline the main points.
  2. Discuss possible approaches to improve morale.
  3. Decide on an action plan for change.
  4. Be ready to present your ideas in class.

Email

Dear all,

Following a series of low productivity figures, I've been looking into the situation in the factory. I have talked to a number of staff and the general impression is that they are not motivated and they are doing the bare minimum to achieve their daily targets. From my point of view, this seems to be a self-perpetuating cycle of low morale — the figures are down so the supervisors are applying more pressure, which means people feel less valued, etc. Anyway, I thought I ought to let you know my findings so far below. Let me know if you'd like to discuss this further.

Regards,
Brian

Some of the major factors causing low morale may be:

  • the impact of recent technical changes in production;
  • issues related to work-life balance;
  • working by output/result, not by time spent;
  • cost-saving initiatives;
  • instability of jobs in the sector.

High-Band C1 Model Answer

Instruction: Read the Russian sentence first. Then open the spoiler to check the English version.

RU: Я хотел(а) бы начать с того, что фабрика, по-видимому, сталкивается не просто с краткосрочной проблемой производительности, а с более глубокой проблемой морального состояния сотрудников.

Show/Hide English

RU: Главная мысль заключается в том, что низкая производительность создала самоподдерживающийся цикл: показатели падают, руководители усиливают давление, и, как следствие, сотрудники чувствуют себя менее ценными и менее мотивированными.

Show/Hide English

RU: Я разделил(а) своё выступление на 3 части.

Show/Hide English

RU: Сначала я кратко обозначу основные причины.

Show/Hide English

RU: После этого я предложу возможные подходы к повышению морального духа.

Show/Hide English

RU: Наконец, я предложу план действий для проведения изменений.

Show/Hide English

RU: Прежде всего, в письме говорится, что сотрудники делают лишь необходимый минимум, чтобы выполнить свои ежедневные нормы.

Show/Hide English

RU: Отчасти это может быть вызвано сопротивлением изменениям, особенно после недавних технических изменений в производстве.

Show/Hide English

RU: Если инновации внедряются слишком быстро, без обучения и объяснений, персоналу может быть трудно разобраться с новыми системами.

Show/Hide English

RU: Ещё один фактор — это баланс между работой и личной жизнью.

Show/Hide English

RU: Если от людей ожидают, что они будут работать допоздна, или если они чувствуют себя запертыми в культуре карьеризма, основанного на переработках, они могут потерять мотивацию.

Show/Hide English

RU: Обратная сторона работы по результату, а не по количеству проведённого на рабочем месте времени, заключается в том, что сотрудники могут чувствовать, что их постоянно оценивают по цифрам, а не поддерживают как людей.

Show/Hide English

RU: Чтобы немного ввести вас в курс дела, фабрика также, по-видимому, испытывает влияние мер по сокращению расходов и нестабильности рабочих мест в этом секторе.

Show/Hide English

RU: Это может создавать тревожность, особенно среди работников, которые опасаются, что сокращение уровней управления или автоматизация могут сделать их должности менее защищёнными.

Show/Hide English

RU: В результате некоторые сотрудники могут стать «карьерными кочевниками», постоянно ищущими более надёжную работу в другом месте, вместо того чтобы эмоционально вкладываться в компанию.

Show/Hide English

RU: Переходя к возможным решениям, я считаю, что руководству необходимо сочетать объективные количественные данные и субъективные качественные данные.

Show/Hide English

RU: Под объективными данными я имею в виду показатели производительности, уровень отсутствия на работе, текучесть кадров и отчёты о несчастных случаях.

Show/Hide English

RU: Под субъективными данными я имею в виду интервью, анонимные опросы и неформальную обратную связь.

Show/Hide English

RU: Это помогло бы компании точно определить реальные причины низкого морального духа, а не просто обвинять работников.

Show/Hide English

RU: Что касается практических мер, компании следует провести полную переоценку своих рабочих практик.

Show/Hide English

RU: Компании также следует сравнить свой подход с практиками других производственных компаний, где моральный дух выше, а производительность сильнее.

Show/Hide English

RU: Если гибкие условия возможны, руководство могло бы ввести гибкий рабочий график или возможность обмена сменами, чтобы учитывать потребности сотрудников.

Show/Hide English

RU: Это не устранит все проблемы, но может смягчить стресс и помочь работникам почувствовать больше доверия.

Show/Hide English

RU: Компании также следует создать необходимую инфраструктуру для обучения.

Show/Hide English

RU: Если технические изменения неизбежны, работникам нужна полноценная поддержка, а не просто новые инструкции.

Show/Hide English

RU: Это помогло бы облегчить изменения и сделать систему более устойчивой.

Show/Hide English

RU: Руководителей смен также следует обучить предвидеть проблемы и общаться более конструктивно.

Show/Hide English

RU: Никто не хочет, чтобы им управлял человек, который ведёт себя как хам, особенно когда моральный дух и без того низкий.

Show/Hide English

RU: Это подводит меня к плану действий.

Show/Hide English

RU: Сначала я бы провёл(а) анонимный опрос сотрудников и несколько небольших фокус-групп, чтобы собрать как объективные, так и субъективные данные.

Show/Hide English

RU: Затем я бы выделил(а) 3 срочные проблемы: техническое обучение, нагрузку и баланс между работой и личной жизнью.

Show/Hide English

RU: Затем я бы запустил(а) пилотную программу в 1 производственном подразделении, включающую более качественное обучение, более ясные целевые показатели, более гибкое расписание и регулярные встречи для обратной связи.

Show/Hide English

RU: Наконец, через 2 или 3 месяца я бы сравнил(а) результаты с другими подразделениями и скорректировал(а) стратегию.

Show/Hide English

RU: Подводя итог, компании нужно озарение: моральный дух нельзя возродить одним лишь давлением.

Show/Hide English

RU: Если руководство хочет возродить чувство цели, оно должно относиться к работникам как к источнику неиспользованных знаний, а не как к статье расходов, которую нужно сократить.

Show/Hide English

RU: Лучшее решение находится на пересечении производительности, доверия и реалистичной поддержки.

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RU: Только тогда сотрудники почувствуют, что изменения внедряются вместе с ними, а не навязываются им сверху.

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Only then will employees feel that change is being implemented with them, not imposed on them.