| Gap-filling | Translation |
Set 161) I suppose it’s time we (think) about it. EN: “It’s (high) time” → past form with present sense; also “started V-ing”.
RU: После “it’s time” — прошедшее (thought) со значением «пора»; допустимо “started thinking”.
2) When I see her again, I’m sure she (be) very different. She (change). EN: Future main clause; result by then → will have changed/has changed; ongoing → is/will be changing.
RU: Будущее в главном; к тому моменту «уже изменилась» или «будет в процессе».
3) Where (be), Tommy? Look at your face! You are a sight! – Mummy, you always (grumble)! EN: Result-now → have you been; habit vs. annoyed habit → grumble/are grumbling.
RU: Present Perfect — след сейчас; обычная/раздражённая привычка.
4) Everybody (be) here? – No, Mr. Black (not/come) yet. I (not/return) from abroad yet. He (arrive) on Saturday. EN: Present check; “yet” → Present Perfect; scheduled/arranged arrival → present/future forms.
RU: «Ещё нет» — Present Perfect; приезд — расписание/план.
5) She (finish) (clean) the bath-room, then she (begin) (peel) potatoes. EN: Sequence past → finished/began. If linking to later past point → had finished. Verb patterns: finish/ begin + V-ing.
RU: Последовательность; при «к тому моменту» — Past Perfect. Паттерны: finish/begin + V-ing.
6) He drank some of the wine and ate several chunks of bread, while he (wait) for his dinner (come) up. EN: Background → Past Continuous; simple for sequence; long wait → Past Perf. Cont. Complement: to come (up)/to be served.
RU: Фон/последовательность/длительность. Дополнение: to come (up)/to be served.
7) By the time Pamela (take off) her coat and skirt and (put on) her flannel dressing-gown, grandma (be) quite ready. EN: “By the time” → prefer Past Perfect for earlier acts; simple past also used in narratives. State: was/had been.
RU: К указанному моменту — Past Perfect; в рассказе допустим Past Simple.
8) No sooner we (put down) our glasses than the waiter (refill) them. EN: “No sooner … than …” → first clause Past Perfect; second Past Simple.
RU: Конструкция: сначала had + V-ed, затем Past Simple.
9) At 6.30 that Friday afternoon, the Lincoln International Airport still (work), though with difficulty. A snow storm (rage) for 3 days, and now trouble spots (begin) to appear. EN: Scene-setting past cont.; storm earlier duration → Past Perf. (Cont.); onset of effects → began/were beginning/had begun.
RU: Фон; буря длилась → Past Perfect (Continuous); появление признаков — варианты по фокусу.
10) Of course it can’t last, but when it (come) to an end, it (be) a wonderful experience for him. It really (make) a man of him. EN: Time clause → present (or perf.) for future; main future → will be/make.
RU: В придаточном времени — настоящее/перфект; в главном — будущее.
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Set 171) The shop looked shabbier in artificial light: the shelves were dusty and the ceiling (not/paint) since I went there. EN: “since I went” → earlier passive state → Past Perfect Passive.
RU: «с тех пор как я ходил» — предшествование → Past Perfect Passive.
2) We walked to the door and I saw her (go) in and down the hall. EN: Verb of perception → bare inf. (whole act) or V-ing (process).
RU: После восприятия: go или going.
3) The dean ordered that the examination (begin) at 9 o’clock. EN: Mandative subjunctive: bare form; BrE alt: should begin.
RU: Повелительное сослагательное: begin; вариант should begin.
4) I prefer (stay) at home to (go) to the theatre. EN: After prefer: both patterns; but keep parallelism (to X to Y / V-ing … V-ing).
RU: После prefer — два шаблона; важно соблюсти параллельность.
5) We arranged for them (visit) the museum on Sunday. EN: arrange for + object + to V.
RU: arrange for smb to do.
6) He couldn’t (hear) the news at dinner, because his sister hadn’t arrived yet. EN: Ability at that time → hear; modal past speculation (less likely here) → have heard.
RU: Обычно hear (не мог услышать тогда); форма have heard — реже (о прошлом факте).
7) I suggested that she (take off) her coat and (move) towards the fire. EN: Suggest + mandative subjunctive; BrE “should” option.
RU: После suggest — форма основы; возможен should.
8) He didn’t utter a word, knowing that whatever he said (meet) by the same silence. EN: Future in the past after “knew” → would …; passive natural.
RU: Будущее в прошлом; чаще пассив.
9) She had the satisfaction of seeing that Betty (get) more and more ill at ease. EN: Ongoing change → was getting; simple/earlier state change → got/had got.
RU: Процесс — was getting; факт — got/had got.
10) The doctor examined Tom’s throat. ‘Nothing wrong there.’ He (attend) him before, it (always/be) the same; whenever he (come) into the room, his easy manner (give) her comfort. EN: Prior care → Past Perfect (simple/cont.); habitual past: “whenever … came … gave”.
RU: «Раньше наблюдал» — Past Perfect; привычные действия — Past Simple.
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Set 181) I (see) her name in the papers rather often of late. EN: “of late” → Present Perfect (simple/cont.).
RU: «в последнее время» — Present Perfect.
2) But in fear of (recognize) she lowered her gaze. EN: Prep. + V-ing: fear of being recognized.
RU: После предлога — герундий, пассив: being recognized.
3) At his departure Rose had continued to weep largely through fury at (leave) alone with Nurse Williams. EN: After prep. → gerund passive: being left.
RU: Герундий в пассиве: being left.
4) He suddenly stopped (read). There was no point in (go) on. He looked up and found forty pairs of eyes fixed on him intently. EN: stop V-ing; “no point in” + V-ing: going on.
RU: Паттерны: stop + герундий; no point in + герундий.
5) I inquired Bob that afternoon about my book. He neither admitted nor denied (take it). EN: After admit/deny → V-ing / gerund object: here “taking it”.
RU: После admit/deny — герундий.
6) Thank you for (let) me (talk) to you. EN: “for” + V-ing; causative “let” keeps bare infinitive after object → let me talk.
RU: После “for” — герундий; let + obj + V.
7) The children watched the balloon (burst) when it flew over the roof. EN: Perception → burst (event) or bursting (process).
RU: После восприятия — инфинитив/герундий.
8) Eleanor’s relations suggested that her husband (go) to work rather than (live) on her money. EN: Mandative subjunctive; parallelism with “rather than”.
RU: Сослагательное: go/should go; далее — голый инфинитив.
9) At that hour she was unaccustomed (disturb) by anyone. EN: “be accustomed to” → the “to” is a prep. → V-ing: to being disturbed.
RU: После “accustomed to” — герундий.
10) You (get) a surprise the moment you (open) the door. EN: Time clause uses present/perf.; main clause can be present/future (or past in narrative).
RU: Временное — настоящее; главное — настоящее/будущее (или прошедшее в рассказе).
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Set 191) He seemed (think) over what he wanted (say). EN: Raising verb seem + to-infinitive; progressive for “in progress”.
RU: После seem — инфинитив; длительное — to be thinking.
2) I’ve got a letter from my brother. He (say) he (arrive) in Moscow in a fortnight and (want) me to meet him at the station. EN: Reporting now → present; schedule/plan variants for arrival; want/would like alternatives.
RU: Письмо сейчас: says; приезд — варианты будущего; желание — wants/would like.
3) The children didn’t want to walk, because they were used to (pick up) at school every day by their parents. EN: “be used to” → prep. “to” → V-ing; passive gerund.
RU: После used to (как предлог) — герундий в пассиве.
4) I hate (bother) you, but the boy is still waiting (give) a definite answer. EN: Verb patterns: hate to V; passive infinitive after “waiting”.
RU: Паттерны: hate to; to be given.
5) This waltz made him (remember) his youth. EN: Causative make + object + bare infinitive.
RU: Каузатив: make + obj + V.
6) I realized that the man (watch) me for quite a long time. EN: Prior duration → Past Perfect Continuous; simple perfect also possible.
RU: Длительность до момента — Past Perf. Cont.; возможен Past Perf..
7) I (need) your advice at that time, that’s why I (call). I (call) many times for about an hour, but nobody (answer). — (you/be out)? – Actually, I (sleep). Your calls (not/wake) me up, because I (take) a sleeping pill. EN: Past narrative; repeated past up to point → had called; state/action contrasts; earlier cause → had taken.
RU: Последовательность: «звонил много раз» — Past Perfect; «уснул» — Past Continuous; «принял» — Past Perfect.
8) Alice (stay) with her grandmother for a week and then returned home. EN: Sequence → stayed; if anchoring to “then returned,” Past Perfect (simple/cont.) OK.
RU: Последовательность vs. «к тому моменту».
9) By the time she cleaned the flat, she (be/tired). She (work) since morning. EN: Resulting state → was/ had been tired; long action up to then → Past Perf. Cont.
RU: Состояние/длительность до «к тому моменту».
10) I (try) to see this film twice, but each time I (fall) asleep in the first half an hour. I can’t understand why it (get) the first prize at the contest. EN: Past attempts; simple past for repeated outcome; prize in past → got.
RU: Пытался/засыпал каждый раз; приз — прошедшее.
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Set 201) In Rugby Union, there are 15 players in each team and different skills (require) in each position. People of all shapes and sizes (attract) to the game, because some positions (suit) to very big people, while others can (fill) by smaller people. EN: General truths → present/passive; either “suit” (active general) or “are suited” (passive).
RU: Общие факты — настоящее/пассив; suit или are suited.
2) Don’t worry, you will get used to (travel) long distances soon. EN: “get used to” → prep. “to” + V-ing.
RU: После “used to” (как предлог) — герундий.
3) Your job involves (take) decisions, and sometimes you are bound (make) mistakes when you do this. EN: involve + V-ing; be bound to + V = “likely/inevitable”.
RU: involves + герундий; be bound to — «неизбежно/скорее всего».
4) I (feel) ill since I got up this morning. EN: “since” → Present Perfect (state or duration).
RU: С «since» — Present Perfect (состояние/длительность).
5) My tooth (hurt) all day yesterday. EN: Finished time → Past Simple/Cont.; BrE stative alt: hurt also fine.
RU: Завершённый вчера → Past; иногда допускается hurt как факт.
6) Manchester United is a football club that these days (become) one of the most well-known in the world. It (start) in 1902, and it (win) the FA Cup … more times than any other club. EN: Current trend/result → has become/is becoming; historical facts → Past Simple.
RU: Настоящее развитие/результат; история — Past Simple.
7) The transport system in this country certainly (not/improve) in the past few years. People (complain) about the railways for years, and they are still as bad as ever. Nobody (be able) to come up with a solution to that problem yet. EN: “in the past few years / for years / yet” → Present Perfect (simple/cont.). Past Simple is possible with a finished frame.
RU: Маркеры перфекта: past few years/for years/yet; Past Simple — если период завершён.
8) If you can’t remember a word, try (write) it ten times. EN: try to V = attempt/strategy here (not experiment), so infinitive.
RU: Здесь «постарайся» → try to V.
9) I couldn’t remember the word no matter how hard I tried (remember) it. EN: After “try” with effort → to V.
RU: «Пытался запомнить» — инфинитив.
10) Pete (not/decide) anything by Wednesday, though he (discuss) the situation long enough. EN: “by Wednesday” allows Past/Present/Future layers; durative vs. completed discussion options.
RU: «к Среде» — возможны прошедший/настоящий/будущий слои; длительность/результат обсуждения.
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