English and more

Sets 1-6

Gap-filling	Translating into English
Set 1 1) It was 5 o’clock. We (wait) for Douglas for two hours by then. Click here to show/hide the explanations Past Perfect Continuous for an action in progress before a past reference point; duration is explicit (“for two hours”). No natural simple alternative here. 2) The book (lie) on the table for several days and then it vanished. I (look) for it for half an hour already. (see) it? Click here to show/hide the explanations "and then"=> the meaning of a chain of actions in the past dominates => Past Simple+Past Simple <-- a more preferable combination. Yet, "had been lying/had lain + disappeared" is also possible due to "for several days". 3) Next month our English teacher (work) at the university for twenty-five years. I’m sure that ten years from now she (still work) here, as active as ever. Click here to show/hide the explanations Future Perfect Continuous = emphasizes continuity; Future Perfect (simple) = emphasizes total span completed. “will still be working / will still work” both OK (ongoing vs factual prediction). 4) The bridge (build) by the time we moved to the town. Click here to show/hide the explanations Past Perfect Passive — the building was completed before the later past event (“we moved”). 5) He (see) to enter the house, (take) the money from the drawer and (put) it into his bag. Click here to show/hide the explanations Passive of perception: “was seen to + V.” Infinitives “to take / to put” follow the perception report sequence. Also 'to' can be used only once - before 'enter', which is the first of the three homogenous predicatives (одна из трех однородных именных частей составного именного сказуемого - was seen to enter, to take, to put) 6) Do you insist that we (hand) in our course papers before the final test? Click here to show/hide the explanations Mandative construction after “insist that …”: bare infinitive (“hand”) or “should + V” are both standard. 7) All the pavements are wet. — Yes, it (rain). Click here to show/hide the explanations Present Perfect Continuous to explain a present result (wet pavements) with recent ongoing rain. 8) I don’t know when he (come) over to Houston. But when he (come), he (immediately call) me. Click here to show/hide the explanations Main clause future: “will come” (neutral) or “is coming” (arranged). Time clause takes Present Simple (“when he comes”), main clause future (“will … call”). 9) Frank (take) his final exams in spring. Do you think he (pass) them? Click here to show/hide the explanations “will take” = neutral future; “is taking” = arranged; “takes” = timetable-style present for scheduled events. Prediction: “will pass.” 10) Someone (use) my typewriter and (tear) the ribbon. Click here to show/hide the explanations Present Perfect Continuous for recent activity with evidence; Present Perfect (simple) for the resulting damage (“has torn”). Make a screenshot of your answers checked with the check-answers button and send in the form below Total Questions: 0 Incorrect Answers: 0
Set 2 1) The risk was very small, but whatever it was, I think you should (take) it. Click here to show/hide the explanation “should have + V3” = past advice/criticism about an action that would have been wiser. Показать объяснение на русском “should have + V3” — совет/упрёк о прошлом: стоило это сделать, но не сделали. 2) By the end of May, we (study) English for nine months already. Click here to show/hide the explanation Future Perfect Continuous = emphasizes continuity up to that future point; Future Perfect (simple) = emphasizes the completed span. Показать объяснение на русском Future Perfect Continuous — подчёркивает длительность; Future Perfect (simple) — факт завершённого периода к указанному будущему моменту. 3) I tried (lift) the window, but it was jammed. It couldn’t (open) for years. Click here to show/hide the explanation “try + to-infinitive” for attempted action; “couldn’t have been opened”(не может быть что окно было открываемо в прошлом) = speculation about a long-standing state (perfect passive infinitive: can't/couldn't+ have V3). Показать объяснение на русском “try + to-inf” — попытка; “couldn’t have been opened” — предположение о давнем состоянии (перфектный страдательный инфинитив). 4) When I finally reached her place, Ann (leave) already, so we only had time for a few words. Click here to show/hide the explanation Past Continuous for an action in progress at the reference time; “already” signals it had started before the arrival. Показать объяснение на русском Past Continuous — процесс в момент отсчёта; “already” показывает, что действие началось до прихода. 5) As we (walk) along the road, we (hear) a car from behind. Tom (turn) around and (hold up) his hand. The car (stop). Click here to show/hide the explanation Past Continuous gives background; Past Simple moves the narrative sequence forward (heard → turned → held up → stopped). Показать объяснение на русском Past Continuous — фон; Past Simple — последовательность событий (услышали → повернулся → поднял → остановилась). 6) “A watched pot never (boil),” says the proverb. But look — the kettle (boil) already. Shall I make tea? Click here to show/hide the explanation Present Simple for timeless truths/proverbs; Present Continuous for what’s happening now. Показать объяснение на русском Present Simple — пословица/общее правило; Present Continuous — действие происходит прямо сейчас. 7) (enjoy) yourself, or would you like to leave now? Click here to show/hide the explanation Present Continuous for a temporary, current experience; polite alternative offered with “would you like…”. Показать объяснение на русском Present Continuous — временное “сейчас”; вежливый вариант через “would you like…”. 8) Go to his office — he ought (be) here since morning. Click here to show/hide the explanation “ought to + perfect infinitive” = an expectation about something that should already be true by now (state from morning till now). Показать объяснение на русском “ought to + perfect infinitive” — ожидание: к настоящему моменту он уже должен быть здесь (с утра до сейчас). 9) Someone (write) with my pen — that’s why there was no ink in it. Click here to show/hide the explanation Present Perfect Continuous = a clear trace in the present (ink gone now); Past Perfect Continuous fits if you anchor everything in a past context. Показать объяснение на русском Present Perfect Continuous — “след в настоящем” (чернил нет сейчас); Past Perfect Continuous — если вся сцена целиком в прошлом. 10) It’s a secret, and no one else must (tell). Click here to show/hide the explanation Passive infinitive after a modal: “must + be + V3”. Показать объяснение на русском Пассивный инфинитив после модального глагола: “must + be + V3”. Make a screenshot of your answers checked with the check-answers button and send in the form below Total Questions: 0 Incorrect Answers: 0
Set 3. Watch at an increased speed, give me your likes))
Set 3 1) Judging from the books and papers on the writing table, he must (work) since they left him in the morning. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Modal deduction in the past. must have been working = duration/continuity (trace in the present); must have worked = completed effort by now. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Модальная дедукция о прошлом. must have been working — длительность, «след в настоящем»; must have worked — акцент на завершённом труде. 2) Well, I’m sure you appreciate, Professor, that I (worry) about my position here in the last few months. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: have been worrying = ongoing experience with a trace in the present; have worried = fact of worry up to now. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Present Perfect Continuous — длится до настоящего; Present Perfect — факт переживаний. 3) I’m afraid I must be off now. My parents (come) to see me tonight. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: are coming = arranged plan; will come = neutral future mention. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Present Continuous — договорённость; will — обычное будущее. 4) You (not say) yet a word about your holiday, Mike. I (wait) for my chance to put a word in. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: haven’t said for unfinished-time “yet”; have been waiting = duration with a trace in the present. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Present Perfect с “yet”; Present Perfect Continuous — длительность/«след в настоящем». 5) (get up) with a headache today, Ann (decide) to walk to her office instead of (take) a bus. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Initial participial clause: Getting up / Having got up (cause). Main action in Past Simple (decided). After “instead of” use gerund (taking). Показать объяснение на русском RU: Причастный оборот (Getting up / Having got up) — причина; основное действие — decided; после “instead of” — герундий (taking). 6) No sooner she (arrive) at the station than a fast London train (come in). Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Inversion after “No sooner” → had she arrived (Past Perfect), then Past Simple came in. Показать объяснение на русском RU: После “No sooner” — инверсия + Past Perfect; далее — Past Simple. 7) I was sure they (talk) about me, because they (break off) as soon as I (enter). Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: were talking = Past Continuous background at the moment; had been talking = Past Perfect Continuous, their conversation started earlier and was ongoing until you entered. Both are acceptable. Показать объяснение на русском RU: were talking — Past Continuous, процесс в момент входа; had been talking — Past Perfect Continuous, разговор начался раньше и длился до входа. Обе формы допустимы. 8) He (write) to me only once since he (go away). I (send) him four letters. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: “since” anchors a past point (went away); ongoing present relevance uses Present Perfect. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Past Simple для точки в прошлом (“went away”); связь с настоящим — Present Perfect. 9) I remember mother (reprimand) me when I spoiled her favorite fish-cake. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: remember + -ing for recalling a past event. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Используется модель remember + герундий для воспоминания о прошлом. 10) I don’t think she (agree) to help us until she (know) all the details of the plan. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Main clause future (will agree). After time word “until” use Present Simple (knows). Показать объяснение на русском RU: В главном — будущее (will agree); после “until” — Present Simple (knows). Make a screenshot of your answers checked with the check-answers button and send in the form below Total Questions: 0 Incorrect Answers: 0
Set 4 1) She promises that when we (see) him (work), we (be) surprised. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Time clause uses Present Simple (see); participle working; main clause future will be. Показать объяснение на русском RU: В придаточном времени — Present Simple; причастие working; в главном — будущее. 2) It sounds strange, but I can’t remember what I (do) at this time two days ago. — Perhaps you (sleep). Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Past Continuous for an action in progress at a specific past time; plausible guess were sleeping. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Past Continuous — действие шло в указанный момент; were sleeping — предположение. 3) Pete (not decide) anything by Wednesday, though we (discuss) the situation long enough. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Future Perfect (will not have decided / will have discussed) is the “official” key. Present Perfect (has not decided / have been discussing) is also valid if the speaker sees the moment from “now until Wednesday.” Past Perfect (had not decided / had been discussing) works in retrospective narration after Wednesday. All three layers are context-dependent. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Future Perfect — учебный ключ (не решит к среде, обсудим к тому времени). Present Perfect — с позиции настоящего (до среды ещё не решил, но обсуждаем). Past Perfect — ретроспектива (к среде не решил, хотя обсуждали). Все три слоя зависят от точки отсчёта. 4) It’s not the first time you (argue), is it? Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: have argued = repeated experience up to now; have been arguing = ongoing/recent repeated activity. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Present Perfect — повторяющийся опыт; Present Perfect Continuous — длительная/повторная активность. 5) — What (happen)? — I (lose) my purse with all the money! Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Present Perfect to announce recent news with present relevance. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Present Perfect — недавняя новость, важная сейчас. 6) The book is so interesting! I (read) for three hours. I (read) almost all of it. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: have been reading = duration with a trace in the present; have read = amount/result so far. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Present Perfect Continuous — длительность/«след»; Present Perfect — результат (“почти всё”). 7) I (tell) that the problem (not/consider) yet, but when it (consider) I (inform) immediately. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: All layers are possible: • Past layer (was told … had not been considered … was considered … would be informed) — retrospective narration. • Present layer (have been told … has not been considered … is considered … will be informed) — speaker reports a current state. • Future layer (will be told … will not have been considered … is considered … will be informed) — formal “exam” variant, less natural. And we also should take into account the presence of a time clause, where no Future is usually used, and passive constructions. Choice depends on viewpoint. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Возможны разные временные слои: • Прошедший (was told … had not been considered … was considered … was informed) — рассказ в прошедшем. • Настоящий (have been told … has not been considered … is considered … am informed / will be informed) — сообщение о текущем положении. • Будущий (will be told … will not have been considered … is considered … will be informed) — «учебный» вариант, звучит формальнее. А также надо учитывать, что здесь есть придаточное времени, в которых обычно нет будущего, и пассивные конструкции. Выбор зависит от точки отсчёта. 8) It was the third time the name (mention), and I wondered who the man was. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Repetition up to a past point → Past Perfect Passive. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Повтор до определённого момента в прошлом → Past Perfect Passive. 9) I can’t afford (stay) at such an expensive hotel. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: afford takes the infinitive: to stay. Показать объяснение на русском RU: После afford используется инфинитив: to stay. 10) They claim (solve) the problem already. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Reporting a completed action with claim + to have + V3. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Сообщение о завершённом действии через claim + to have + V3. Make a screenshot of your answers checked with the check-answers button and send in the form below Total Questions: 0 Incorrect Answers: 0
Set 5 1) He told a lie about what he (do) that morning. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Past reference (“that morning”). had done / had been doing = before the telling; did / was doing = looser, narrative past. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Past Perfect — действие раньше момента рассказа; простое/длительное прошедшее — повествовательный слой. 2) I must remember (send) her a digital birthday gift next week. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: remember to V = not forget to do; remember V-ing = recall a past action. Показать объяснение на русском RU: remember to — не забыть; remember V-ing — вспоминать, что уже делал. 3) I went out early to avoid (bump) into him in the lobby. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: After avoid use gerund: avoid bumping. Показать объяснение на русском RU: После avoid — только герундий. 4) He was a Physics contest winner at school, and he went on (become) one of the greatest inventors in quantum mechanics. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: go on to V = next/new action; go on V-ing = continue the same activity (here less idiomatic but grammatical). Показать объяснение на русском RU: go on to do — перейти к новому действию; go on doing — продолжать то же (с becoming звучит менее естественно). 5) — Did he plead guilty? — Yes, he admitted (commit) the crime. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: admit V-ing is standard; admit having V-ed = prior act; admit to V-ing is also used. Показать объяснение на русском RU: После admit — герундий; форма having V-ed подчёркивает предшествование; admit to V-ing допустимо. 6) The Smiths (have) an impression that something strange (go on) in the kitchen, but they (pretend) they (not/notice) it or at least (not/pay) attention to it. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Past layer (had the impression / was going on / pretended / didn’t notice / didn’t pay) vs. present layer (have… / is going on / pretend / don’t…). Показать объяснение на русском RU: Возможны прошедший и настоящий «слои» — выбираем по контексту повествования. 7) The necklace she (find) (look) very old. She (realize) that it (can) be valuable, that’s why she (not/throw) it away. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: had found (earlier past) or simple found; modal past could/might for possibility; negative past action didn’t throw. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Past Perfect подчеркивает предшествование; could/might — вероятность; didn’t throw — отказ от действия. 8) Tom (look) totally different from the man I (expect) to see. In fact, I (be) disappointed, because I (imagine) a stronger and more neatly-dressed man. But my friend (remind) me that appearance (can) be deceiving. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Past narrative; had expected / had imagined acceptable to mark prior expectations; can/could = general truth vs. cautious tone. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Прошедшее повествование; Past Perfect для «раньше думал»; can/could — общее правило/смягчение. 9) Mrs. Crap (never/throw away) anything, hoping that this or that thing (come in) handy. As a result, her flat (be) packed with unnecessary old things she (store) for ages. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Habit now or then; hopes → will/may/might/would/comes in (modal/gnomic); state of flat (is/was); storage span (has/ had stored). Показать объяснение на русском RU: Привычка в настоящем/прошлом; модальные варианты для «пригодится»; состояние квартиры и длительность хранения. 10) No sooner (I/enter) the garden than a young man (come) up to me with a glass of champagne. I (be) sure it (be) the first time I (see) him in my life and (not/know) his name, but half an hour later he (still/ask) me questions about my job and travels and (tell) me something about his new startup. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Inversion after No sooner; Past Perfect for earlier sight (had seen); ongoing talk was still asking; summary detail may use was telling / told. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Инверсия после No sooner; «впервые видел» — Past Perfect; длительность беседы — Past Continuous. Make a screenshot of your answers checked with the check-answers button and send in the form below Total Questions: 0 Incorrect Answers: 0
Set 6 1) The trousers she (have on) (suit) her very well. They (look) very beautiful and unusual. I (not/see) anything like that before. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Present layer (has on / suit / look / haven’t seen) vs. past narrative layer (had on / suited / looked / hadn’t seen). Показать объяснение на русском RU: Настоящий или прошедший «слой» — по контексту. 2) She (enjoy) the music that (sound) in her earphones. She (hear) neither the melody nor the singer before and (be) sorry she (not/know) what the song (be). Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Two narrative layers possible: • Past: was enjoying / was sounding / had heard / was sorry / didn’t know / was. • Present: is enjoying / is sounding / has heard / is sorry / doesn’t know / is. Choice depends on whether the speaker reports a past scene or describes an ongoing one. "neither" is a negation => no "not" in "has/had heard" Показать объяснение на русском RU: Возможны два «слоя»: • Прошедший — повествование о ситуации в прошлом. • Настоящий — описание текущей ситуации («сейчас наслаждается музыкой»). Выбор зависит от точки отсчёта. "neither" -это уже отрицание => в сказуемом has heard/had heard отрицательная частица "not" не ставится! "sound" здесь - в редком употреблении в качестве динамического, а не статического глагола! "звучит как-то", а не "звучит каким-то"! 3) I (see) my designer tomorrow. You (work) on a new blog? — Yes, I am, and he wants me to sign a new contract. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Present Continuous for arranged future (am seeing). Present Continuous question for a current project. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Present Continuous — оговорённое будущее; вопрос о текущей работе. 4) You (always/come) late. Don’t you realize it’s not polite to keep people (wait)? Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: always come = habit; are always coming = annoyed habit. After keep → gerund (waiting). Показать объяснение на русском RU: Простое наст. — привычка; длит. наст. с always — раздражение; после keep — герундий. 5) I (need) your help immediately. There is something wrong with my dog. He (have) a high temperature and he (hardly/breathe)! Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Present statives for urgent now; symptom either is hardly breathing or modal can hardly breathe. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Настоящее «сейчас»; признак — длительный процесс или модальная конструкция. 6) I don’t know when Ann (recover), but as soon as she (do), I (let) you (know). Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: After “when/as soon as” use Present Simple (does), future stays in the main clause (will recover / will let). Показать объяснение на русском RU: Временные придаточные — Present Simple; будущее — в главном. 7) I wonder if it (ever/snow) in Peru. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: ever snows = general fact; has ever snowed = historical occurrence. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Настоящее — «бывает ли вообще»; Present Perfect — «когда-нибудь случалось ли». 8) It’s no use (argue) with him. He is incapable (give in to) anyone. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Patterns: It’s no use V-ing; incapable of V-ing. Показать объяснение на русском RU: Устойчивые модели: no use + герундий, incapable of + герундий. 9) I heard him (open) the door and (creep) into the room. Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: After perception verbs: bare infinitive (open, creep) or V-ing to emphasize process (opening, creeping). Показать объяснение на русском RU: После глаголов восприятия — голый инфинитив или герундий (процесс). 10) The parcel appears (open) before it (deliver). Click here to show/hide the explanation EN: Raising verb appears + perfect passive infinitive; later past event in simple past. Показать объяснение на русском RU: appears + to have been V-ed (перфектный пассивный инфинитив); далее — простое прошедшее. Make a screenshot of your answers checked with the check-answers button and send in the form below Total Questions: 0 Incorrect Answers: 0