I. Fill in the gaps in the text below with the words from the list:

historically, unification, boundaries, populous, Pennines, prosperity, vulnerable, ties, remote, Viking, coal, southwest, Cornish, Mediterranean, London, foreigners, heir, united, Protestantism, wars, Tweed, fertile, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Scandinavia, Ireland

1. Great Britain has consisted of three main regions: England, Wales, and Scotland.
2. England's name originates from the Anglo-Saxons, though political came only in the 10th century.
3. Before the Anglo-Saxons, the Roman province of Britannia had similar to modern England and Wales.
4. England is the largest, wealthiest, and most region in the British Isles, often dominating its neighbors.
5. Its geography includes lowlands and fertile land, with the as the main mountain range.
6. England’s made it attractive to invaders like the Romans and Normans.
7. Scotland and Wales, being more mountainous and less fertile, were less inviting to foreign powers but more to English expansion.
8. Southern England, with its lowlands and to Europe, contrasts with the more rugged and north.
9. Northern England was historically closer to Scotland and influenced by culture, especially in places like York.
10. After the Reformation, the north remained more Catholic, while the south aligned with Protestant Europe.
11. During the Industrial Revolution, the -rich north became an industrial hub, while the south remained wealthier but less industrialized.
12. Today, the north is politically aligned with Labour and Liberal parties, while the Conservative Party dominates the south.
13. Cornwall, in the , was historically Celtic and culturally distinct, though it was absorbed into England early on.
14. The language died out in the 18th century but has since seen revival efforts.
15. Cornwall was known for fishing and tin mining, with early traders calling Britain the “Isle of Tin.”
16. , founded by Romans as Londinium, has always been England’s largest city and is now a major global capital.
17. Wales, meaning "" in English, never formed a united kingdom due to its terrain and poverty.
18. England conquered Wales in the 13th century, and the title “Prince of Wales” was given to the to the English throne.
19. In the 16th century, Wales was legally with England, though it maintained its language and distinct culture.
20. Wales became known for sectarian and coal production.
21. Scotland remained independent until the 18th century, resisting English dominance through several .
22. The fixed border between England and Scotland runs from the Solway Firth to the River.
23. Scotland has less land but better harbor access; its southeast lowlands were historically the economic and political core.
24. is Scotland’s capital, with and Aberdeen as major cities.
25. Despite its isolation from continental Europe, Scotland had strong ties with Ireland and .
26. The Scots originally came from and many settled in Ulster, forming the Protestant population of Northern Ireland.

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Incorrect Answers: 0

II. Prepare answers to the following questions:

1. What are the three main historical regions that make up Great Britain? {ifusergroup=1}
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2. What was the origin of the name “England,” and when did political unification occur? {ifusergroup=1}
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3. Which geographical features made England more attractive to invaders compared to Scotland and Wales? {ifusergroup=1}
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4. Why was northern England more influenced by Viking culture than the south? {ifusergroup=1}
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5. How did the Reformation affect the religious division between northern and southern England? {ifusergroup=1}
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6. What role did the north of England play during the Industrial Revolution? {ifusergroup=1}
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7. What distinguishes Cornwall culturally and historically from the rest of England? {ifusergroup=1}
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8. How did Wales come under English control, and what symbolic title was adopted for the heir to the throne? {ifusergroup=1}
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9. What were the main causes of conflict between Scotland and England in the Middle Ages? {ifusergroup=1}
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10. Why has Scotland historically been considered more geographically isolated, and what were its main external connections? {ifusergroup=1}
    Answer: It was far from continental Europe but well connected to Ireland and Scandinavia via the North Atlantic.
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11. What does the term “Wales” mean in English, and how does it reflect the English view of the Welsh? {ifusergroup=1}
    Answer:
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