Day V.

1. In the book of Essential words for IELTS do page 2, 74, 81, 93, 95

Exercise 2. What are the nationalities of the people who come from these countries?

Afghanistan:
Argentina:
Australia:
Bangladesh:
Belgium:
Brazil:
Canada:
Denmark:
Egypt:
England:
Finland:
Greece:
India:
Iran:
Iraq:
Ireland:
Israel:
Japan:
Kuwait:
Lebanon:
Malaysia:
Mexico:
Morocco:
Netherlands:
Norway:
Pakistan:
Peru:
Philippines:
Poland:
Portugal:
Russia:
Saudi Arabia:
Scotland:
Spain:
Sweden:
Switzerland:
Thailand:
Turkey:
Wales:
Yemen:

 

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Exercise 3. Now look at this essay and complete the gaps with one of the words or phrases in bold. You may need to change the form of some of the words

genetically modified    fossil fuels    global warming    biodegradable    contaminated    emissions    endangered species    organic    ecosystem    
acid rain    pollution    green belts    rain forest    environmentalists    greenhouse    conservation programmes    poaching    recycle    battery farming

'Environmental degradation is a major world problem. What causes this problem, and what can we do to prevent it?'

There is no doubt that the environment is in trouble. Factories burn 1 which produce 2 , and this kills trees. At the same time, 3 gases rise into the air and contribute to 4 , which threatens to melt the polar ice cap. Meanwhile farmers clear huge areas of 5 in places such as the Amazon to produce feeding land for cattle or wood for building. Rivers and oceans are so heavily 6 by industrial waste that it is no longer safe to go swimming. Cars pump out poisonous 7 which we all have to breathe in. 8 and overfishing are killing off millions of animals, including whales, elephants and other 9 . In fact, all around us, all living things large and small which comprise our finely balanced 10 are being systematically destroyed by human greed and thoughtlessness.

There is a lot we can all do, however, to help prevent this. The easiest thing, of course, is to 11 waste material such as paper and glass so that we can use it again. We should also check that the things we buy from supermarkets are packaged in 12 packaging which decomposes easily. At the same time, we should make a conscious effort to avoid foods which are 13 (at least until someone proves that they are safe both for us and for the environment). If you are truly committed to protecting the environment, of course, you should only buy 14 fruit and vegetables, safe in the knowledge that they have been naturally cultivated. Finally, of course, we should buy a smaller car, as these cause less 15 than large saloons or SUVs. Even better, we should try to make more use of public transport.

The serious 16 , however, do much more. They are aware of the global issues involved and will actively involve themselves in 17 by making sure our forests are kept safe for future generations. They will oppose activities which are harmful to animals, such as 18 . And they will campaign to keep the 19 around our towns and cities free from new building.

We cannot all be as committed as them, but we can at least do our own little bit at grass roots level. We, as humans, have inherited the earth, but that doesn't mean we can do whatever we like with it.

 

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Exercise 3. Complete this report with words and phrases in bold. In some cases, more than one answer is possible.

devastation    flood    torrential    epidemic    explosions    volcano    plague    famine    erupted    
accident    hurricane    casualties    drought    Refugees    typhoon    civil war    spread    relief

REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHARITIES SUPPORT FOUNDATION (ICSF)

The last year has been a particularly busy one for the ICSF. Outlined below are a few of the areas we have been busy in.

Following 1 rain in eastern Mozamlumbi in January, millions were made homeless as 2 waters rose. The water also became polluted and there was a cholera 3 as people continued to use it for drinking and cooking. Furthermore, as the harvest had been destroyed and there was not enough food to go round, 4 became a problem. Charities around the world worked particularly hard to bring 5 to the area.

Mount Etsuvius, the 6 which had been dormant since 1968, 7 suddenly in April. Thousands had to be evacuated to camps 30 miles from the disaster area. They still have not been rehoused.

The 8 in the Caribbean in July, which saw wind speeds of up to 180 miles per hour, caused immense 9 on many islands. Islands off the Japanese coast also suffered their worst 10 in almost 30 years, with prolonged winds in excess of 150 miles per hour. There were many 11 who had to be evacuated to hospitals which were not properly equipped to deal with the disasters.

The 12 in the northern part of Somopia continued into its second year, with millions of acres of crops destroyed by lack of rain. Meanwhile, the 13 between those loyal to the president and those supporting the rebel leader continued into its fifth year. 14 from the conflict have been fleeing across the border, with stories of atrocities committed by both sides.

In October, a fire 15 through Londum, the ancient capital of Perania. The 16 , which probably started in a bakery, destroyed thousands of homes. There were several 17 when the fire reached a fireworks factory, and a number of people were killed.

An outbreak of bubonic 18 was reported in the eastern provinces of Indocuba in November. It is believed to have been caused by a sudden increase in the number of rats breeding in the sewers.

 

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Exercise 4. Replace the words and phrases in bold in the sentences with a suitable alternative from the box.

advances    analysed    breakthrough    combined    cybernetics    development    discovered    experimented    genetic engineering    innovations
invented    life expectancy    molecular biology    nuclear engineering    proliferated    react    research    safeguards a technophile    a technophobe

1. The company is carrying out scientific study to find a cure for AIDS.

2. The planning and production of the new computer system will take some time.

3. Modern home entertainment systems and other modern inventions are changing everyone's lives.

4. Some elements change their chemical composition when mixed with water.

5. The scientists have created a new machine to automate the process.

6. Who was the person who found penicillin?

7. When the food was examined closely and scientifically, it was found to contain harmful bacteria.

8. Rain joined together with CO₂ gases produces acid rain.

9. Ron is terrified of modern technology.

10. Geoff is very interested in modern technology.

11. Protection against accidents in this laboratory are minimal.

12. The companies performed scientific tests with different types of glue before they found one that worked properly.

13. Brian is studying the techniques used to change the genetic composition of a cell so as to change certain characteristics which can be inherited.

14. Sarah is studying the things which form the structure of living matter.

15. Christine is studying how information is communicated in machines and electronic devices in comparison with how it is communicated in the brain and nervous system.

16. Neil is studying the different ways of extracting and controlling energy from atomic particles.

17. There has been a sudden success in the search for a cure for cancer.

18. The number of years a person is likely to live has increased a great deal thanks to modern medicine and technology.

19. The number of schools offering computer programming courses has quickly increased in the last ten years.

20. In spite of all the progress it has made in the last 50 years or so, medical science still knows little about the brain.

 

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Exercise 5. Now look at this essay and fill in the gaps with one of the words or phrases in bold. In some cases, more than one answer will be possible. You may need to change some of the word forms.

'Technology has come a long way in the last 50 years, and our lives have become better as a result. Or have they?'

The last 50 years have seen more changes than in the previous 200. There have been many remarkable advances in medicine and medical technology that have helped to increase our average 1 way beyond that of our ancestors. Incredible 2 such as satellite television have changed the way we spend our leisure hours. Perhaps the most important 3, however, has been the microchip. Nobody could have imagined, when it was first 4 , that within a matter of years, this tiny piece of silicon and circuitry would be found in almost every household object from the kettle to the video recorder. And nobody could have predicted the sudden proliferation of computers that would completely change our lives, allowing us to access information from the other side of the world via the 5 or send messages around the world by 6 at the touch of a button. Meanwhile, 7 into other aspects of information technology is making it easier and cheaper for us to talk to friends and relations around the world. Good news for 8 who love modern technology, bad news for the 9 who would prefer to hide from these modern miracles.

But everything has a price. The development of 10 led to mass automation in factories, which in turn led to millions losing their jobs. The genius of Einstein led indirectly to the threat of nuclear war and the dangerous uncertainties of 11 (we hear of accidents and mishaps at nuclear power stations around the world, where 12 to prevent accidents were inadequate). The relatively new science of 13 has been seen as a major step forward, but putting modified foods on to the market before scientists had properly 14 them was perhaps one of the most irresponsible decisions of the 1990s. Meanwhile, pharmaceutical companies continue to 15 on animals, a move that many consider to be cruel and unnecessary.

Of course we all rely on modern science and technology to improve our lives. However, we need to make sure that we can control it before it controls us.

 

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2. Prepare a 2-min talk on the following:

3. Do this reading test , this reading test , and this one  .Prepre a retelling of the one that seems the most interesting to you.

Day VI.

1. In the book with IELTS tests do test 4. The audio is  here.