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Unit 1 — Step I
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (1)
1. a) Answer the questions:
- What can people be proud of?
- What do you take pride in?
- What things do you value most in life?
- What things could be called status symbols?
1. b) Look at the list of status symbols in the unit and say which of them are more important to you. Explain your choice.
2. a) Listen to and skim through the text and say what the message of the text is. (1.5 min.)
People nowadays have more money, and some say this has made people more materialistic. It means they place too much importance on money, comfort and luxury goods. People have also become more acquisitive, which means they want to buy, own, possess more and more. We are not only money-oriented but also over-concerned with social and professional status. We care too much about our image, how other people see us. We like to own status-symbols like unnecessarily fast cars, the latest hi-fi equipment, fashionable clothes.
But is the picture so black? Are we really reduced to being mercenary creatures, motivated only by money? What can a mere individual do to improve the world? Perhaps it is time for us to examine our priorities and decide what is really important in life. Perhaps we should try to find self-fulfillment by exploring our capabilities and finding satisfaction in the spiritual aspects of life: an appreciation of art and nature, service to others, the improvement of our minds.
The New York Times, 2005.
2. b) Sum up the text in three sentences.
2. c) Scan the text for details.
2. d) Answer the teacher’s questions.
Exercise 3a — Open the brackets (Gap Fill)
blustery – windy, stormy
Anna, Marleen and Sarah (come) from a small town in the east of Germany. In many ways, their lives are quite similar to those of middle-class young people from the United States. They watch US pop culture. Marleen and Sarah (travel) around the world, Marleen all the way to China, and Sarah several times to America.
They talk of their ambitions and expectations. For them coming of age means, above all, (come) to terms with economic reality.
Asked about the things most important to her once she (finish) school, Anna had a ready reply: “A job with decent wages. To be secure. Money. My own place to live. And for sure to have time to travel. I always (want) to travel, but never had the opportunity.” “Never (be) alone,” Anna continued her list. “To have friends.”
What would she like her life (look) like when she (be) 25? “I hope I (find) a job,” she said. “A husband. Children. I’d like (be) in debt.”
That (be) nearly a year ago, when Anna, Marleen and Sarah (interview) by the newspaper.
A year later, Anna said she (decide) more shape to her interview: she (find) a job right away, but she (finish) some training and finally (get) employed.
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Exercise 4a — Read the text and fill the gaps
4. a) Read the text filling in the gaps with the proper words.
a peer [pIR] – someone who is of the same age as another person or belongs to the same social or professional group as another person
an adolescent [LWdR'lesnt] – young teenager of about 13-16
One of the influences on teenagers today is their peers. What their friends think, how they dress and how they act in class and out of it a lot. As a result, teens will sometimes hide their intelligence and abilities. They also try to . Teenagers often feel the need to look and act to other teenagers. They may take up activities that are not truly their own, simply to be accepted. There is also evidence that it has great for many teenagers to be a of a group.
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CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (2)
Exercise 7 — Paraphrase
Type the paraphrase for the part in brackets right in the sentence.
Exercise 7 — Paraphrase
Rewrite the sentences, paraphrasing the expressions given in italics in brackets.
1. Some teenagers clothes (attach too much importance to).
2. Today people are becoming more and more (money-oriented).
3. As a rule, young adults are their social status (preoccupied with).
4. All over the world school leavers and university graduates have to learn to (accept economic reality).
5. implies more responsibility (the transition into adulthood).
6. University graduates in Russia have problems as young people in other countries (the same / people of the same age).
7. It’s to search for a job (very tiring).
8. For it is very important to look and act the same way as their (teenagers / people of the same age group).
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8. a) Read the article and say in one sentence what it deals with.
Новое поколение выбирает прагматизм
(1) Сейчас на нашей планете живет миллиард юношей и девушек. Нью-йоркским агентством “Ди-Эм-Би-Би” в 26 странах мира были опрошены более 6,5 тысяч молодых людей в возрасте от 15 до 18 лет – тинейджеров.
(2) Одно из открытий этого исследования: для тинейджеров всего мира характерна зрелость нового типа. Они во многом более умны и осведомлены, чем их сверстники 20 лет назад. Сегодняшние юноши и девушки озабочены суровой реальностью и невзгодами человеческой жизни в значительно большей степени, чем прежде.
(3) Исследование показало, что молодежь надеется на успешную карьеру (81%), вступление в брак (69%), жизнь в условиях мира (66%).
(4) Большим сюрпризом стало то, что лишь 38% юношей и девушек намереваются жить в той стране, где они родились. Сегодняшние заботы зачастую сильно отличаются от проблем вчерашних тинейджеров, когда молодых людей волновали юношеские прыщи и нежелательная беременность. 55% молодых людей боятся, что у них будет недостаточно денег. 73% современных юношей и девушек озабочены тем, как бы устроиться на хорошую работу, 64% – опасностью потерять то, что они любят, и – несмотря на вечную проблему “отцов и детей”, – 63% подростков беспокоятся о здоровье своих родителей.
(5) Несмотря на подобные проблемы, нынешние тинейджеры во всем мире являются массовыми потребителями, которым широко доступны Интернет, телевидение, кинематограф, журналы и музыка.
(6) Именно из-за любви молодежи к средствам массовой информации и развлечениям последние служат источником приобретения тинейджерами повседневного опыта. Четыре наиболее увлекательных вида деятельности, упомянутых тинейджерами, связаны с индустрией развлечений. Среди любимых занятий вместо ожидавшегося ответа “времяпрепровождение с друзьями” верхнюю строчку занимает просмотр телепередач (93%).
(7) Естественно, многие пристрастия меняются, а многие остаются прежними. В ходе исследования было установлено, что любимыми занятиями являются также участие в вечеринках, проведение времени в семье, занятия спортом, разговоры по телефону и походы в магазин.
(8) Новое поколение молодежи – это потребители не только сегодняшнего дня, но и будущего. Обладая зрелостью 35-летних людей и чувствами подростков, сегодняшние тинейджеры хотят всего и сразу.
(По материалам журнала Итоги, 2002 г.)
Exercise 8b — Choose the most appropriate English word/phrase
More than one option can be correct in some items.
(1) миллиард
(1) опрашивать
(2) открытие
(2) зрелость
(4) проблема отцов и детей
(4) беспокоиться
(5) потребители
(6) опыт
(6) времяпрепровождение
(8) чувства
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5. Go through the texts in exercises 2–4 and find the English for key vocabulary. Illustrate the combinations with sentences from the texts.
6. Retell any of the three texts (see exercises 2–4).
8. a) Read the article and say in one sentence what it deals with. Then discuss the questions in the unit.
8. c) Paraphrase using a large / small / significant number (of); a large proportion; the majority / a (slim) minority; a substantial number / proportion.
Sentences to paraphrase (from the article in 8a):
1. Today, teenagers are more intelligent and well-informed than young adults were twenty years ago. (most)
2. Research shows that young people hope for a successful career. (81%)
3. According to the poll, teenagers value a happy marriage. (69%)
4. The article points out that adolescents stress the importance of peace for a happy future. (66%)
5. Strange as it may seem, young adults intend to live in their mother country. (only 38%)
6. On average, teenagers leave school at 16 to get a job. (19%)
7. No wonder that young men and women are greatly concerned about their career prospects. (73%)
8. Figures suggest that people interviewed don’t enjoy their job. (3 out of 4)
9. Psychologists claim that teenagers are afraid of losing what is dear to them. (64%)
10. The recent survey proves that, despite the eternal generation gap problem, adolescents worry about their parents’ health. (63%)
11. Despite their young age, teenagers are afraid that they will not be able to earn enough money. (55%)
12. Watching television rates as the most popular form of entertainment with adolescents. (93%)
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8. d) Answer the teacher’s questions.
HOME ACTIVITIES (2)
9. Render the article (see exercise 8) in English using the suggested key words and phrases:
1. Introduction:
The article deals with... / the article covers the subject (the problems) of...
to carry out research; to poll / to interview
2. Main body of the report:
The research suggests / indicates / implies that...
unexpected results, mature; intelligent and well-informed; to be over-concerned about; to come to terms with economic reality;
The article goes on to say that...
to hope for sth; mother country; acne ['WknI]; unwanted pregnancy; generation gap problem;
The writer points out that... / stresses (sth)
consumers; to have access to sth; mass media; source of experience; exciting activities; entertainment industry; priorities;
3. Conclusion:
In conclusion / Finally, the writer says that...
maturity; feelings.
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Your answer:
10. Write a paragraph (200–220 words) discussing Transition to Adulthood: Problems and Values. Use the material of exercises 2–7 and the following words and phrases:
although; first of all; as far as I am concerned / as far as sth is concerned; this is particularly important for/to...; for this reason; nevertheless; moreover; in my opinion; I believe; finally; I absolutely agree (I totally disagree) with the viewpoint that; in other words...; summing it up, I ...
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Your paragraph:
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (3)
The Infinitive
11. a) Read and find the Infinitives and Infinitive constructions.
shortfall – дефицит, нехватка, недостача
As medical science progresses, we are becoming an increasingly elderly society and, although living to a ripe old age can only be a good thing, it brings with it a large number of problems that we have yet to deal with properly. One such problem is that the burden of financing care for the elderly seems to be falling on a reduced percentage of the working population. The gradual but steady trend towards smaller families is likely to result in a smaller number of people to pay for the requirements of an increasingly elderly population. The services needed by the elderly appear to have stretched to breaking point. Nursing homes, homecare, meals on wheels and so on all need more investment if we wish our elderly to live as fulfilled and independent a life as possible.
Young people today are encouraged to start saving with personal pension schemes as early as possible to ensure an adequately financed retirement, since it is predicted that state pension levels in the future will not be enough to guarantee a continuation of the lifestyle they have become accustomed to. But we still have to cope with an expanding older population who are discovering too late that the steps they had taken to guarantee an income for their later years were not sufficient. Obviously, the pressure on public funds to subsidize this shortfall is enormous.
(After Virginia Evans, Linda Edwards, Upstream Advanced)
b) Answer the teacher’s questions.
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12. Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian. Comment on the forms of the Infinitive.
Compare
| now | now | now |
|---|---|---|
| Jim is happy to be in Paris. | Meg is happy to have gone to Paris. | |
| then | then | now |
| I was glad to be riding a bike. | I am upset to have been waiting so long. | |
| then [Future] | then [Future] | then |
| I'll be happy to be invited. | I was happy to have been invited. |
Sentences:
- The police broke into the house to find the burglars gone.
- He was sure that Rachel was about to make him very miserable indeed.
- I find it difficult to go away for the night without a rather heavy suitcase.
- Taking into consideration the English climate I like to have some woolens just in case.
- Mr. Markby was pleased to have been asked for advice.
- He was probably angry to have been scolded in my presence.
- The rescue team were astonished to find the boy in the deserted village.
- Eliza was delighted to have been dancing all night.
- She pretended to be listening to music while her thoughts wandered elsewhere.
- You must attend the press conference. You will be sorry to have missed the opportunity.
- On the other hand, if we are unlucky enough to have inherited a weak gene (???), then there is little to be done.
- The postcard was written in French, in a tiny economic script to take full advantage of the small space.
- The young princess didn’t want to be seen in public with her new boyfriend.
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Your translation + comments:
Complex Subject
with verbs in the Active Voice
13. Translate into Russian.
- The discussion appears to have been friendly and fruitful.
- He seems to be sincere but I don’t completely trust him.
- To our surprise the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother’s.
- If you happen to find it, please let me know.
- He seems to be satisfied to be doing nothing.
- His private life is unlikely to have any bearing on his competence as a manager.
- His decision proved to be a good one.
- Knowing Jim, he is bound to be late.
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Your translation:
14. Paraphrase using the Complex Subject.
Model: T – It seems that money doesn’t make us happy.
St – Money doesn’t seem to make us happy.
1. (It doesn't seem that Martha has made any progress in her studies.)
2. (It appears that young adults are more anxious of their health.)
3. (It turned out that the actor had become a victim of his own success.)
4. (It so happened that he bumped into his former schoolmate in Paris.)
5. (Steven Jobs understood that computers would certainly appeal to a broad audience.)
6. (It turned out that the hotel was run down.)
7. (It is likely that the new designer firm will meet with immediate success.)
8. (It turned out that their project was a complete failure.)
9. (It is most likely that she will have made progress by the end of the academic year.)
10. (It is obvious that the rival company has made use of your invention.)
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15. Answer the questions using the Complex Subject + to seem, to appear, to turn out, to prove, to happen.
Model: T – Why did Steve give up his job? (dull and uninteresting)
St – It turned out to be dull and uninteresting.
Key prompts:
1. cruel and narrow-minded; 2. to have a frightful temper; 3. to be out; to call; 4. to come across; on the way to...; 5. to be well-qualified and experienced; 6. to change one's mind; 7. to work at one's report; 8. to mention it again
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Your answers:
16. Answer the teacher’s questions and add sentences logically connected.
Model: T – Does my departure upset your plans.
It seems to. I expected you to drive me to town.
St – It doesn’t seem to. You can do as you like.
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Your answers:
17. Paraphrase using the Complex Subject + to be (un)likely / certain / sure / bound.
Model: T – I will probably be late home tonight.
St – I am likely to be late home tonight.
1. (Susan is very intelligent. She will probably pass the exam.)
2. (I am not surprised you are exhausted. After such a long journey you must be exhausted!)
3. (Nina's got a very bad memory. I'm sure she has forgotten what you told her.)
4. (I don't think you need to take a jacket. I don't think the weather will change for the worse.)
5. (The performance is very well attended. It is unlikely that there will be any vacant seats in the stalls.)
6. (He'll probably come to the party with his new girlfriend.)
7. (If you have problems at home, it is inevitable that it will affect your work.)
8. (If you overeat tonight, you will definitely feel sick in the morning.)
9. (Is it possible that he will understand my feelings?)
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18. Answer the teacher’s questions and explain why you think so.
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