English and more

11. a) Read and find the Infinitives and Infinitive constructions.

shortfall – дефицит, нехватка, недостача

As medical science progresses, we are becoming an increasingly elderly society and, although living to a ripe old age can only be a good thing, it brings with it a large number of problems that we have yet to deal with properly. One such problem is that the burden of financing care for the elderly seems to be falling on a reduced percentage of the working population. The gradual but steady trend towards smaller families is likely to result in a smaller number of people to pay for the requirements of an increasingly elderly population. The services needed by the elderly appear to have stretched to breaking point. Nursing homes, homecare, meals on wheels and so on all need more investment if we wish our elderly to live as fulfilled and independent a life as possible.

Young people today are encouraged to start saving with personal pension schemes as early as possible to ensure an adequately financed retirement, since it is predicted that state pension levels in the future will not be enough to guarantee a continuation of the lifestyle they have become accustomed to. But we still have to cope with an expanding older population who are discovering too late that the steps they had taken to guarantee an income for their later years were not sufficient. Obviously, the pressure on public funds to subsidize this shortfall is enormous.

(After Virginia Evans, Linda Edwards, Upstream Advanced)

b) Answer the teacher’s questions.

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12. Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian. Comment on the forms of the Infinitive.

Compare

now	now	now
Jim is happy to be in Paris.	Meg is happy to have gone to Paris.
then	then	now
I was glad to be riding a bike.	I am upset to have been waiting so long.
then [Future]	then [Future]	then
I'll be happy to be invited.	I was happy to have been invited.

Sentences:

The police broke into the house to find the burglars gone.
He was sure that Rachel was about to make him very miserable indeed.
I find it difficult to go away for the night without a rather heavy suitcase.
Taking into consideration the English climate I like to have some woolens just in case.
Mr. Markby was pleased to have been asked for advice.
He was probably angry to have been scolded in my presence.
The rescue team were astonished to find the boy in the deserted village.
Eliza was delighted to have been dancing all night.
She pretended to be listening to music while her thoughts wandered elsewhere.
You must attend the press conference. You will be sorry to have missed the opportunity.
On the other hand, if we are unlucky enough to have inherited a weak gene (???), then there is little to be done.
The postcard was written in French, in a tiny economic script to take full advantage of the small space.
The young princess didn’t want to be seen in public with her new boyfriend.

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Your translation + comments:

Complex Subject

with verbs in the Active Voice

13. Translate into Russian.

The discussion appears to have been friendly and fruitful.
He seems to be sincere but I don’t completely trust him.
To our surprise the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother’s.
If you happen to find it, please let me know.
He seems to be satisfied to be doing nothing.
His private life is unlikely to have any bearing on his competence as a manager.
His decision proved to be a good one.
Knowing Jim, he is bound to be late.

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Your translation:

14. Paraphrase using the Complex Subject.

Model: T – It seems that money doesn’t make us happy.
St – Money doesn’t seem to make us happy.

1. (It doesn't seem that Martha has made any progress in her studies.)

2. (It appears that young adults are more anxious of their health.)

3. (It turned out that the actor had become a victim of his own success.)

4. (It so happened that he bumped into his former schoolmate in Paris.)

5. (Steven Jobs understood that computers would certainly appeal to a broad audience.)

6. (It turned out that the hotel was run down.)

7. (It is likely that the new designer firm will meet with immediate success.)

8. (It turned out that their project was a complete failure.)

9. (It is most likely that she will have made progress by the end of the academic year.)

10. (It is obvious that the rival company has made use of your invention.)

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Incorrect Answers: 0

15. Answer the questions using the Complex Subject + to seem, to appear, to turn out, to prove, to happen.

Model: T – Why did Steve give up his job? (dull and uninteresting)
St – It turned out to be dull and uninteresting.

Key prompts:
1. cruel and narrow-minded; 2. to have a frightful temper; 3. to be out; to call; 4. to come across; on the way to...; 5. to be well-qualified and experienced; 6. to change one's mind; 7. to work at one's report; 8. to mention it again

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16. Answer the teacher’s questions and add sentences logically connected.

Model: T – Does my departure upset your plans.
It seems to. I expected you to drive me to town.
St – It doesn’t seem to. You can do as you like.

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Your answers:

17. Paraphrase using the Complex Subject + to be (un)likely / certain / sure / bound.

Model: T – I will probably be late home tonight.
St – I am likely to be late home tonight.

1. (Susan is very intelligent. She will probably pass the exam.)

2. (I am not surprised you are exhausted. After such a long journey you must be exhausted!)

3. (Nina's got a very bad memory. I'm sure she has forgotten what you told her.)

4. (I don't think you need to take a jacket. I don't think the weather will change for the worse.)

5. (The performance is very well attended. It is unlikely that there will be any vacant seats in the stalls.)

6. (He'll probably come to the party with his new girlfriend.)

7. (If you have problems at home, it is inevitable that it will affect your work.)

8. (If you overeat tonight, you will definitely feel sick in the morning.)

9. (Is it possible that he will understand my feelings?)

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18. Answer the teacher’s questions and explain why you think so.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (3)

The Infinitive

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