Participle I

Forms

V+ ing <-- Simple Participle I	Having V3<-- Perfect Participle I
(When) Learning the poem, he fell asleep (что делая?)	Having learnt the poem, he fell asleep (что сделав?)

What do you usually do when performing your work or studies?

What do you usually do having performed your work or studies?

Pattern I

Participle as an Adverbial Modifier [Причастие как обстоятельство]

of Attendant Circumstances [сопутствующих обстоятельств]	Dad was standing and smiling encouragingly	Dad stood smiling encouragingly. (=Dad was standing and smiling) – Папа стоял, ободряюще улыбаясь.
of Time [времени]	When he was telling the joke, he managed to keep a serious expression     After we had completed the project, we had a holiday     While I was traveling in Mexico, I picked up a little Spanish.        When you rent a car, you have to produce your driving license	When telling the joke, me managed to keep a serious expression. = Рассказывая шутку, он смог сохранить серьезное выражение лица.    Having completed the project, we had a holiday. – Закончив проект, мы ушли в отпуск.     I picked up a little Spanish while travelling in Mexico. – Я немного выучил испанский, путешествуя по Мексике.     When renting a car, you have to produce your driving license. (= when you rent…) – Когда вы берете машину на прокат, вам необходимо предъявить водительское удостоверение.
of Reason [причины]	Oil is expensive in that country because it is imported     2. Because/as he had worked for the company for 20 years, Greg knew all the ins and outs of business transactions.	1. Being imported, oil is very expensive in that country. – Нефть в этой стране очень дорогая, так как она туда импортируется.   Having worked for the company for 20 years, Greg knew all the ins and outs of business transactions.– Проработав в компании 20 лет, Грег знал все тонкости ведения деловых операций.
of Condition [условия]	If one judges from recent events, the Government seems to be losing the support of the country’s population.	Judging from recent events, the Government seems to be losing the support of the country’s population.– Судя по последним событиям, правительство, похоже, теряет поддержку населения страны.
of Concession [уступки]	Although he admitted his guilt, the suspect refused to give the details of the theft.	Although admitting his guilt, the suspect refused to give the details of the theft. – Хотя подозреваемый признал свою вину, он отказался рассказать о подробностях кражи.
of Manner [образа действия]	He stood there as if/though he was waiting for someone	He stood there as if/though waiting for someone. – Он стоял там, как будто ожидая кого-то.
of Result [результата]	The bomb fell on the medieval castle and as the result it was destroyed.	The bomb fell on the medieval castle totally destroying it. (= The bomb fell on the medieval castle and as the result it was destroyed). – Бомба попала в средневековый замок, полностью разрушив его. (в результате чего он был полностью разрушен.)

 

Exercises

1. Paraphrase the sentences using Participle II as an adverbial modifier.

1. Once the brain is deprived of oxygen, it dies. 2. If the money is spent reasonably, it will last you till the end of the holiday. 3. Because she is faced with a bill for $ 8,000, Ms. Whitiker has taken a job on the side. 4. Although the book was published several years ago, it is still popular with teenage readers. 5. When he was / As he was abandoned by his family, he felt absolutely desperate. 6 Don’t leave the hotel unless you are instructed to do so. 7. When it is seen in this light, the boy’s story doesn’t seem that unreal. 8. The shopping mall was built on the site of the old market place. It is the largest one in the city.

2. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the Participle.

1. _________________________ (to finish) the painting, he gave a sigh of relief. 2. ________________ (to impress) by Jo’s work, the manager extended her contract for a year. 3. Jim was the only one of his platoon _________________________ (not / to take) prisoner. 4. _________________________the money through hard work, he was reluctant to give it away. 5. _______________ there _________ (to be) no one at home, I left the parcel in the shed. 6. ___________________ (to be interested) to see what would happen, I stayed till the end of the meeting. 7. ___________________ (to start) the course, Alan was determined to complete it. 8. _____________ (to wave) their scarves and _____________ (to shout), the fans ran onto the pitch. 9. ________________ (not / to want/-> not willing) to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings. 10. I didn’t get wet, _________________________ (to remember) to take my umbrella. 11. A crowd of people watched the old building ___________________ (to demolish).

3. Act out the following dialogue:

You are co-owners of a Russian investment company. Discuss with one another where to invest billions of dollars for the good of your country: into augmented reality contact lenses or Hyperloop, or Brain- AI interface, or artificial prosthetics, or flying passenger taxis, or electro cars, or a nano pill. Or maybe you will find an alternative solution.

Use:

• It is high time we + past Simple =Пора бы нам (что-то сделать)
• What if we +Present Simple = А что если мы (сделаем что-то)?
• It will be smart staking on (делать ставку) …=Будет умно, делать ставку на…
• Won’t we have trouble Ving? =У нас разве не будет проблем с (деланием чего-то)?
• We are (un)likely to V1 =Вряд ли мы (сделаем что-то)
• It is a waste of money Ving=(делать что-то)- пустая трата денег.
• There is no denying that =Нет смысла отрицать фак того, что..
• There is no earning on…  =Не получиться заработать на…. (даже и не думай)
• Having funded …., we will freak out(психовать) being afraid of…=Профинансировав …, мы будем в стрессе, боясь…
• A safe bet= верная ставка
• A trail-blazer = первопроходец
• Having merged into our everyday life, it will …=Проникнув в нашу повседневную жизнь, это (какая-то технология) (что-то сделает)
• To bring tons of money
• To improve the quality of life
• To build a legal base for
• juridical obstacles