Reading section. Module 1.

(Questions 1–20)

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph.

Early coastal societies relied heavily on the sea, even before advanced tools were developed. We mi suppose th these communities depended on simple fishing techniques alone. How , it i evident fr the rec that cooperation was essential to survival.

Knowledge spread thr observation and shared practice, allo skills to pass between generations ra than being formally recorded.

Read the notice.

11. What type of company issued the notice?

A utility company
A government agency
A telecommunications provider
A software developer

12. What is the main benefit of enrolling in digital billing?

Customers receive discounts on services
Statements are delivered more frequently
Statements are received electronically
Payments are processed automatically

Read a social media post.

13. What is the main purpose of the post?

To complain about crowded fitness centers
To promote outdoor yoga classes
To explain how to become a yoga instructor
To advertise a sports equipment store

14. Why are the yoga sessions suitable for many people?

They are competitive and fast-paced
They require advanced fitness skills
They are open to both beginners and experienced participants
They are only available to members

15. Why are participants encouraged to arrive early?

The number of available spots is limited
Free refreshments are offered before class
Equipment must be reserved in advance
Music starts early in the morning

Read the passage.

16. What is the main idea of the passage?

Remote work eliminates the need for management
Remote work offers benefits but also creates new challenges
Most employees prefer working only in offices
Technology has reduced employee flexibility

17. According to the passage, what is one advantage of remote work?

It guarantees higher salaries for employees
It reduces the importance of teamwork
It eliminates the need for digital communication tools
It allows companies to hire workers from different locations

18. Why can remote work be difficult for some employees?

They may feel isolated and struggle with work-life boundaries
They must work longer hours than before
They are required to relocate frequently
They lose access to technology support

19. The word “cohesion” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to:

separation
delay
unity
confusion

20. What can be inferred about hybrid work models?

They eliminate all problems related to remote work
They aim to balance flexibility with collaboration needs
They require employees to work remotely at all times
They reduce employee satisfaction in most cases

Reading section. Module 2.

(Questions 1–10)

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph.

Modern transportation systems depend on a combination of planning, technology, and coordination. Tr flow is influenced b factors such as road design, driver behavior, and weather conditions.

Vehicles mu operate wi predictable rules in order to reduce accidents and delays. At the same time, drivers adapt their decisions acc to real-time information.

When systems fail, congestion ca spread rapidly, affecting entire cities. Fo this reason, effective management focuses o prevention, monitoring, and timely intervention ra than reacting a problems o r.

Read an email.

11. When will the writing seminar take place?

November 12th
November 15th
November 25th
November 30th

12. What are participants required to bring?

Writing materials
Printed handouts
Proof of registration
A payment receipt

Read an email.

13. What is the main purpose of the email?

To promote a new bus route
To inform customers about a temporary service change
To request feedback about public transport
To announce discounted bus fares

14. What can be inferred about the cause of the change?

A staff training session is taking place
The buses are being replaced with trains
The route is being permanently shortened
Road work is affecting normal traffic flow

15. Where can Ms. Mills find the most current arrival information?

By calling customer service
On printed posters at bus stops
In the CityTransit mobile app
In a weekly email newsletter

Read the passage.

In many large cities, green roofs are becoming a practical tool for managing urban heat and stormwater. By covering rooftops with layers of soil and vegetation, buildings can absorb less sunlight and remain cooler during hot weather. Green roofs also slow down rainfall runoff, which can reduce flooding when drainage systems are overloaded.

Despite these benefits, installing a green roof is not always simple. The extra weight of soil and water requires a strong building structure, and plants must be chosen carefully to survive wind, sun exposure, and periods of drought. Maintenance is also important, since neglected roofs can lose vegetation and provide fewer environmental advantages over time.

Many city governments now encourage green roofs through building guidelines and financial incentives. Some programs offer tax reductions, while others provide grants for projects that include native plants and efficient irrigation. Although green roofs cannot replace parks or forests, they can improve city resilience by lowering temperatures and reducing pressure on stormwater systems.

16. What is the main idea of the passage?

Green roofs are mainly used to produce food for cities
Urban flooding is caused only by poor weather forecasting
Most buildings are too weak to support any roof materials
Green roofs offer environmental benefits but involve practical challenges

17. According to the passage, how do green roofs help cities during hot weather?

They keep buildings cooler by reducing heat absorption
They reflect all sunlight back into the atmosphere
They replace the need for air conditioning in every building
They increase wind speed above city streets

18. Why can green roofs be difficult to install?

They add weight and require suitable plants and ongoing care
They require ocean water to keep plants alive
They can only be placed on wooden buildings
They prevent rain from reaching the ground entirely

19. The word “incentives” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to:

penalties
rewards
accidents
delays

20. What can be inferred about green roofs from the passage?

They completely eliminate the need for parks in cities
They work only in cold climates with frequent snow
They can help cities cope with heat and heavy rain, but they are not a full replacement for natural green spaces
They require no maintenance once installed