Section 1. The details of real court cases
1. The judge ruled that the evidence obtained without a search warrant was (1) … and could not be relied upon by the prosecution.
Irrelevant = not connected to the issue in the case.
Unavailable = cannot be obtained or used (e.g. a witness is unavailable).
Unfounded = not based on facts or truth.
2. The claimant’s solicitor confirmed that his client was prepared to settle the dispute on a (2) … basis, without either party admitting liability.
Without-fault = not a standard phrase in this context; we say “no-fault divorce”.
Good-faith = honestly and fairly, but not the usual phrase “on a … basis” for settlement talks.
No-win = appears in “no win, no fee” agreements, not for the basis of settlement.
3. In its written (3) …, the Court of Appeal stated that the trial judge had applied the wrong legal test.
Finding = a specific conclusion on a point of fact or law within a judgment.
Decision = general word, not the most precise technical term in this sentence.
Ruling = a decision, often on a procedural issue during the case.
4. The witness’s account was rejected because it was inconsistent with the (4) … evidence presented by the experts.
Factual = based on facts; quite general.
Circumstantial = indirect evidence from which facts are inferred.
Material = significant or relevant, but here the type of evidence is best described as “documentary”.
5. The defendant was found guilty beyond reasonable (5) … after a two-week trial.
Argument = a line of reasoning by lawyers, not the set phrase.
Suspicion = a feeling something may be true, not a proof standard.
Question = too general for this collocation.
6. The claimant sought an order for (6) … damages to punish the defendant’s deliberate breach of confidentiality.
Nominal damages = a very small sum recognising a legal right was violated.
Liquidated damages = a pre-agreed sum specified in a contract for breach.
Special damages = specific, quantifiable losses (e.g. medical bills).
7. Counsel for the defence argued that the contract had been signed under economic (7) … and was therefore voidable.
Pressure = general word; can be lawful or unlawful.
Coercion = forcing someone, but the recognised phrase is “economic duress”.
Constraint = restriction or limitation, not the usual contract term here.
8. The Supreme Court decided that the earlier case was wrongly decided and should no longer be treated as (8) … .
Guidance = help or advice, not necessarily binding.
Jurisdiction = power of a court to hear a case; different concept.
Authority = legal source that may be persuasive or binding; here “precedent” is the precise term.
9. The settlement agreement included a (9) … clause preventing either party from discussing the terms publicly.
Secrecy = general word; not a formal label for contractual clauses.
Silence = simply not speaking; not a legal term here.
Disclosure = the act of revealing information; opposite of what this clause requires.
10. The defendant was ordered to pay the claimant’s legal (10) … within fourteen days of the judgment.
Charges = sums demanded for services, or criminal accusations.
Fees = sums paid for a particular service (e.g. a lawyer’s fee), but the set court phrase is “pay the claimant’s costs”.
Expenses = money spent; general term.
Total Questions: 10
Incorrect Answers: 0
SECTION 2
- LAWYER: Good morning, Ms Patel. I’ve read the file on your accident at work and I understand you have already started against your former employer.
- CLIENT: Yes, that’s right. I filed a in the County Court three months ago, but nothing seems to be happening.
- LAWYER: At this stage, the court is waiting for the employer’s defence. Once that is received, the court will list the first case-management .
- LAWYER: Before that, we must collect all the medical reports and other to support your case.
- CLIENT: My colleague Maria saw the accident. Should she come to court as a ?
- LAWYER: Yes, her statement is very important. We say that the company was guilty of , because they failed to provide safe equipment.
- LAWYER: If the judge agrees, your employer will have for your injury and the court will award you .
- CLIENT: Is there any chance that we can reach a before the trial?
- LAWYER: Yes, we will certainly try to negotiate. However, if either side is unhappy with the final decision, there may be an to a higher court.
- LAWYER: All right, that’s clear. I will now review the court documents and contact the other side to see if they are willing to discuss before the next .
Total Questions: 10
Incorrect Answers: 0
SECTION 3
- LAWYER: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for coming to this seminar on how court cases can affect your business. , most disputes between companies start with a simple disagreement about money or performance.
- , I’d like to explain what happens when a claim is issued in the civil courts, and who is responsible for the costs at each stage.
- Many disputes can be resolved through negotiation or mediation. , some cases still go all the way to trial when the parties cannot agree on the facts or on the law.
- Your lawyers will need full information about the dispute prepare proper statements of case and collect supporting documents.
- You should keep detailed records of emails, contracts and invoices; , you should make notes of any important telephone conversations with the other party.
- Sometimes the court may still decide against you, you honestly believe that you have done nothing wrong.
- In serious cases the judge can order you to pay the other side’s legal costs; , a relatively small dispute can become a significant financial burden.
- Let me give you an example of this. Last year one of our clients refused to pay a small invoice and the supplier started court proceedings, which quickly became very expensive because several expert witnesses had to be instructed.
- Judgments are also public documents; , the way you behave in court can affect your reputation with banks, partners and future clients.
- , I would encourage you to seek legal advice early, before the conflict escalates, rather than waiting until a full court case has already begun.
Total Questions: 10
Incorrect Answers: 0
SECTION 4
Choose the correct preposition to complete each sentence.
1. Ownership of the evidence and the duty to disclose it passed to the defence once the file was handed (1) ….. the court.
2. The claimant’s appeal was dismissed (2) ….. the grounds that no new evidence had been provided.
3. The defendant was charged (3) ….. perjury after giving false testimony under oath.
4. The witness was placed (4) ….. oath before the examination-in-chief began.
5. The expert gave evidence (5) ….. behalf of the prosecution to support their technical findings.
6. The parties agreed to settle the dispute (6) ….. court to avoid publicity and further costs.
7. The judge ruled that the contract was made (7) ….. mistake and therefore unenforceable.
8. The new regulation came (8) ….. force on 1 January and applies to all pending cases.
9. The liability of the parent company arises (9) ….. virtue of its control over the subsidiary.
10. The witness remained silent (10) ….. fear of incriminating himself.
Total Questions: 10
Incorrect Answers: 0
SECTION5
Read the professional email below and then choose the correct option to complete (1) ….. to (10) ….. .
Subject: Enforcement of Judgment – Brown v Delta Marine Ltd
From: Hannah Cooper hannah...@ea...l.co.uk
To: James Porter jporter@...megroup.co.uk
Dear Mr Porter,
Further to yesterday’s discussion, I am writing to confirm that the High Court (1) ….. in favour of your company last Friday and that the defendant has now been ordered to pay the full amount of damages plus interest.
As the defendant has failed to comply, we are preparing to instruct enforcement officers. This step (2) ….. only once the court has sealed the judgment, which occurred this morning.
The bailiffs will serve notice of enforcement, (3) ….. them to seize assets belonging to Delta Marine Ltd if payment is not made within seven days. It is important that you do not contact the defendant directly, (4) ….. could be regarded as interference with enforcement proceedings.
We also intend to apply for an order freezing the company’s bank accounts. Such an order is normally granted (5) ….. the court is satisfied that the debtor may dissipate its assets. If granted, it will remain in force until the judgment debt (6) ….. in full.
Our litigation department has confirmed that all costs relating to the enforcement stage are recoverable, provided that they (7) ….. reasonably and proportionately incurred. I therefore recommend that you approve the attached schedule of fees without delay.
Meanwhile, please note that correspondence with the enforcement officers must (8) ….. through our office so that all procedural rules are observed. We will update you as soon as the writ has been executed.
I appreciate that this has been a long and demanding process, but it is encouraging that the matter is now moving towards completion. Had the defendant complied earlier, substantial additional expense (9) ….. avoided.
We trust that the judgment sum will soon be recovered, (10) ….. we will continue to monitor the enforcement closely and keep you informed of every step.
Kind regards,
Hannah Cooper
Eastfield LLP
1. The High Court (1) ….. in favour of your company last Friday.
2. This step (2) ….. only once the court has sealed the judgment.
3. The bailiffs will serve notice of enforcement, (3) ….. them to seize assets belonging to Delta Marine Ltd.
4. It is important that you do not contact the defendant directly, (4) ….. could be regarded as interference with enforcement proceedings.
5. Such an order is normally granted (5) ….. the court is satisfied that the debtor may dissipate its assets.
6. It will remain in force until the judgment debt (6) ….. in full.
7. All costs are recoverable, provided that they (7) ….. reasonably and proportionately incurred.
8. Correspondence with the enforcement officers must (8) ….. through our office so that all procedural rules are observed.
9. Had the defendant complied earlier, substantial additional expense (9) ….. avoided.
10. We trust that the judgment sum will soon be recovered, (10) ….. we will continue to monitor the enforcement closely.
Total Questions: 10
Incorrect Answers: 0
Section 6. Real Court Cases – Breach of Contract (Comprehension)
Read the conversation and then answer the ten TRUE or FALSE questions.
LAWYER: Good morning, Mr Kemp. Thank you for coming in today. We have the pre-trial review on Thursday, so I just want to check that you’re comfortable with our position before we meet the judge.
MR KEMP: Absolutely. I’m mainly relieved that the case is finally moving forward. It was frustrating when the initial hearing was postponed back in April because the defendant asked for more time to file their evidence.
LAWYER: Yes, they claimed that key documents had been mislaid by their accountant. Anyway, we now have their witness statements, and our expert surveyors have confirmed that the delay in completing your warehouse was entirely the builder’s fault.
MR KEMP: That’s what I thought. They kept blaming the weather, but the works were indoors for most of that period. I remember you said the contract contains a penalty clause?
LAWYER: Exactly. Under clause 12, for every week of delay after the completion date the builder owes you £2,000 in liquidated damages. We’re claiming for eight weeks of delay, so that’s £16,000 plus interest and costs.
MR KEMP: Good. I was worried that the contractor might argue we had accepted the delay by continuing to let them work on site.
LAWYER: No, because you sent that email on 18 March reserving your rights. That document is crucial —it shows you never waived the breach. The judge is likely to accept it as clear evidence that you acted promptly to protect your position.
MR KEMP: Excellent. And what about their counterclaim for extra payment for the steel beams?
LAWYER: We’ve dealt with that. The contract expressly states that the price was “fixed and inclusive of materials.” Unless they can prove a written variation agreed by you, their claim won’t succeed. Our evidence is very strong on that point.
MR KEMP: That’s a relief. So you think we have a good chance of winning?
LAWYER: Yes. The facts and the law are both on your side. Even if the judge reduces the damages slightly, you’ll still recover most of what you claim. Let’s just make sure you arrive by 9 a.m. on Thursday so we can go through the bundle before we start.
MR KEMP: I’ll be there early. Thank you for your help, as always.
1. The case was delayed earlier because the defendant needed extra time to prepare evidence.
2. The surveyors concluded that bad weather was the main cause of delay.
3. The contract requires the builder to pay £2,000 for every week of delay.
4. Mr Kemp failed to reserve his rights in writing after the delay occurred.
5. The email sent on 18 March will strengthen Mr Kemp’s position in court.
6. The contractor’s counterclaim concerns additional payment for building materials.
7. The contract allowed the builder to adjust the price if the cost of materials increased.
8. The lawyer believes that even if damages are reduced, Mr Kemp will still recover most of his claim.
9. The hearing will take place on Wednesday morning.
10. Mr Kemp intends to arrive early at court to review documents with his lawyer.
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Total Questions: 10
Incorrect Answers: 0
SECTION7
- In reliance on the provided by each party under this Agreement and the payment of the Settlement Sum by the Defendant to the Claimant, the parties agree as follows:
- (a) This Agreement constitutes a full and final of all claims, demands, and causes of action arising or in connection with the Proceedings.
- (b) The Defendant makes this payment admitting liability or fault of any kind and without prejudice to any rights or defences that otherwise have been available in the Proceedings.
- (c) Each party shall bear its own legal costs incurred up to and including the date of this Agreement.
- (d) The Claimant agrees that upon receipt of the Settlement Sum, it will the Proceedings forthwith and file a Notice of Discontinuance with the Court.
- (e) The Defendant gives no warranty as to any or representation made prior to this Agreement save as expressly set out herein.
- (f) This Agreement shall be governed by and in accordance with the laws of England and Wales, and the parties submit to the exclusive of the English courts.
Total Questions: 10
Incorrect Answers: 0
SECTION8
Section 8. Real Court Cases – Indemnity and Costs Clause (Prepositions, DnD)
Read the following clause from a Consent Order and drag the correct preposition into each gap (1) ….. to (5) ….. .
- 7.1 The Defendant agrees to indemnify the Claimant (1) all losses, damages, and liabilities arising (2) the proceedings brought in the High Court of Justice under claim number HQ23X0015.
- 7.2 Any payment made by the Defendant shall be effected (3) ten business days of the date of this Order unless otherwise directed by the Court.
- 7.3 The Claimant shall be entitled to recover its legal costs incurred (4) connection with the enforcement of this Order, such costs to be assessed if not agreed.
- 7.4 This Order and any non-payment hereunder shall be governed by and construed (5) the laws of England and Wales.
Total Questions: 5
Incorrect Answers: 0
SECTION9
Section 9. Real Court Cases – Governing Law and Jurisdiction
Read the following clause and choose the correct option to complete (1) ….. to (10) ….. .
From a Jurisdiction Clause
21. GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
21.1 This Agreement and any dispute or claim (1) ….. or (2) ….. connection with it, including any question as to its existence, validity or termination, (3) ….. be governed (4) ….. and construed (5) ….. accordance (6) ….. the laws of England and Wales.
21.2 Each party (7) ….. submits to the (8) ….. jurisdiction (9) ….. the courts of England and Wales, (10) ….. the right of either party to seek interim relief in any competent jurisdiction.
1. Choose the correct option to complete (1) ….. .
2. Choose the correct option to complete (2) ….. .
3. Choose the correct option to complete (3) ….. .
4. Choose the correct option to complete (4) ….. .
5. Choose the correct option to complete (5) ….. .
6. Choose the correct option to complete (6) ….. .
7. Choose the correct option to complete (7) ….. .
8. Choose the correct option to complete (8) ….. .
9. Choose the correct option to complete (9) ….. .
10. Choose the correct option to complete (10) ….. .
Total Questions: 10
Incorrect Answers: 0
SECTION10
Section 10. Real Court Cases – Judgment Interest and Enforcement (Matching DnD)
Read the following clause from a judgment enforcement provision and drag the correct phrase into each gap (1) ….. to (5) ….. .
From a Judgment Enforcement Clause
- 1.1 If the Judgment Sum is not paid on the Due Date, the Defendant shall be liable to pay interest on any outstanding amount at a rate of 4% (1) of the judgment rate prescribed from time to time by the Senior Courts Act 1981, such interest to accrue on a daily basis, whether before or after entry of judgment.
- 1.2 The Defendant shall reimburse the Claimant for any and (2) incurred in the enforcement of this Judgment, including the costs of instructing enforcement officers and solicitors.
- 1.3 For the avoidance of doubt, such enforcement expenditure (3) court fees, enforcement officers’ fees, tracing fees and reasonable legal fees.
- 1.4 The Defendant agrees to (4) losses, damages, costs and expenses suffered by the Claimant as a result of any failure to pay the Judgment Sum on the Due Date.
- 1.5 Interest shall continue to accrue on the outstanding balance (5).
Total Questions: 5
Incorrect Answers: 0