One of Africa’s most unusual natural wonders is a season
pink river that appears in a remote wetland region during the hot
months of the year.
first glance, visitors often believe that the color
been artific
created. In reality, the phenomenon is cau
by microscopic algae and salt-loving microorganisms that produce red and pink pigments when exposed
intense sunlight.
The river is normally pale blue during the rainy season, when fresh water dilutes the concentr
of salts and minerals.
ver,
temperatures rise and evaporation accelerates, the water becomes much saltier.
r these conditions, certain species of algae multiply rap
turning sections of the river pink, orange, or even red
-purple. Scientists have compared this process to similar events obser
in salt lakes around the world.
Al
the striking color attracts photographers and tourists, the ecosystem remains surprisingly fragile. Changes in rain
l patterns, pollution, and exces
water extraction could al
the river’s chemical balance and threat
the microorganisms responsible for the phenomenon. Researchers continue to monitor the area in o
to better understand how climate and environmental conditions influence the appearance of the pink waters.
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SkyBridge Airlines – Boarding Pass
Passenger
Emma Carter
Flight
SB 472
Date
14 Nov 2026
From
London (LHR)
To
Rome (FCO)
Seat
14A
Gate
B17
Boarding
08:15
Departure
08:55
Carry-on allowance: 1 bag up to 8 kg.
Important: Passengers must be at the gate at least 20 minutes before departure. Late arrivals may be denied boarding.
11. Where is the passenger traveling?
12. What should the passenger do according to the boarding pass?
13. Which statement is most accurate?
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Travel Insurance Coverage Summary
Policy Holder
Emma Carter
Destination
Italy
Coverage Period
14–21 November 2026
Medical Expenses
Up to €250,000
Trip Cancellation
Up to €2,000
Lost Baggage
Up to €1,200
Deductible
€100 per claim
Important: Claims for baggage loss must be reported within 48 hours of discovering the loss. Coverage does not apply to incidents caused by participation in professional sporting events.
14. What is the maximum reimbursement for lost luggage?
15. Which traveler would most likely not qualify for compensation?
16. Which statement is most accurate?
17. What must be done after discovering missing baggage?
18. What can be inferred about the €100 deductible?
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Traffic Violation Notice
City Parking and Traffic Enforcement Office
Notice Number: TV-48291-K
Registered Owner: Daniel Mercer
Vehicle
Blue Toyota Corolla
License Plate
KJ-7184
Date and Time
6 May 2026, 08:42
Location
Maple Street Bus Lane
Violation
Stopping in a bus-only lane
Amount Due
€85
Camera evidence shows the vehicle stopped in a marked bus-only lane during restricted hours. The vehicle remained in the lane for 2 minutes and 18 seconds. Emergency vehicles, public buses, and authorized service vehicles are exempt from this restriction.
The fine must be paid or appealed within 21 days from the date of this notice. If no payment or appeal is received by the deadline, an additional administrative fee of €25 may be added.
To appeal, submit the online form with supporting evidence, such as delivery records, emergency documentation, or proof that the vehicle was not under your control at the time.
Deadline: Pay or appeal by 27 May 2026 to avoid an additional fee.
19. What is the main purpose of this notice?
20. Why was the vehicle fined?
21. What must Daniel Mercer do by 27 May 2026?
22. Which person would most likely have a valid reason to appeal?
23. What can be inferred if the owner ignores the notice?
Total Questions: 0
Incorrect Answers: 0
Reading Passage
The Nazca Lines: A Mystery Written in the Desert
Paragraph 1
One of the most mysterious archaeological sites on Earth lies in the dry coastal desert of southern Peru. Known as the Nazca Lines, these enormous geoglyphs cover hundreds of square kilometers and depict animals, plants, geometric figures, and long straight lines. Some designs stretch for hundreds of meters and can be fully appreciated only from above. Although they have attracted worldwide attention for decades, researchers still disagree about why they were created.
Paragraph 2
The geoglyphs were produced between approximately 500 BCE and 500 CE by removing dark reddish stones from the desert surface and exposing the lighter soil beneath. Because the region receives very little rainfall and has only weak winds, the lines have remained remarkably well preserved. Archaeologists believe that many people may have created and maintained them over generations.
Paragraph 3
For many years, one influential explanation was that the lines functioned as a giant astronomical calendar. Some researchers noticed that certain lines appeared to point toward places where the Sun or particular stars rose and set at important times of the year. However, later studies suggested that many of these alignments could have occurred by chance. While a few directions may have had astronomical meaning, most scholars now argue that astronomy alone cannot explain the whole site.
Paragraph 4
Another theory connects the Nazca Lines with religious ceremonies and water rituals. The Nazca people lived in an extremely dry environment, so access to water was essential. Some archaeologists believe the lines may have served as ceremonial paths used in processions intended to honor deities linked to rainfall and fertility. This view is supported by ritual objects, offerings, and evidence of gatherings near some of the geoglyphs.
Paragraph 5
Recent technologies have shown that the site is even larger and more varied than previously thought. Satellite imagery, drones, and artificial intelligence have helped identify hundreds of previously unknown figures. Many of the newer discoveries are smaller and more diverse than the famous large figures. These findings suggest that the Nazca Lines may have served several purposes and may have changed over time as different groups added their own designs and traditions.
Paragraph 6
Despite decades of investigation, the Nazca Lines remain partly unexplained. No written records survive to state their purpose, and several interpretations continue to be debated. Most archaeologists now agree that no single theory accounts for all the evidence. Instead, the geoglyphs probably reflected a mixture of practical, ceremonial, social, and symbolic purposes. Their enduring mystery shows that even modern technology cannot always provide final answers about the distant past.
Questions
24. What is the main purpose of the passage? [Question Type: Main Idea]
Paragraph 5 says that new technologies have revealed more figures, many smaller and more diverse, suggesting multiple functions over time.
32. In the paragraph below, where would the sentence best fit? [Question Type: Sentence Insertion]
This discovery complicated earlier explanations based mainly on the most famous large drawings.
Recent technologies have shown that the site is even larger and more varied than previously thought. (A) Satellite imagery, drones, and artificial intelligence have helped identify hundreds of previously unknown figures. (B) Many of the newer discoveries are smaller and more diverse than the famous large figures. (C) These findings suggest that the Nazca Lines may have served several purposes and may have changed over time as different groups added their own designs and traditions. (D)